Oncogenes and Breast Cancer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Oncogenes and Breast Cancer - Term Paper ExampleThus, classification of tumors in diverse types and subtypes along with the identification of individuals who ar at the potential risk of crabby person is gaining prevalence. A conspiracy of data procured from gene-expression and genomic information aids in the detection of possible new targets for calculative high-throughput screening strategies for designing drugs that will lead to advances in cancer cell-targeted therapy. The present article deals with the importance of understanding for oncogenes to comprehend dummy cancer. Introduction Cancer is known as malignant neoplasm, the hallmark characteristic involves uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Under form conditions cells grow, divide and die, but in a genetic defect called mutation occur in cancer cells leading to the formation of an abform DNA. As genes are the basic control machine of the cells, alteration of whatsoever kind may bring devastating consequences, or maligna ncy. When compared with the normal cells, where damage of any kind is taken care by the repair system, tumor cells do not have any repair weapon for the damaged DNA and there is a constant proliferation of cells without displaying senescence hence, generating a series of abnormal cells, with change cellular pathways for uncontrolled proliferation, figuring malignant tumors (Alberts 2007 Katzang et al. 2009). (Normal cell cycle) (Genetic mutation- causes alteration in genes) (Alberts 2007) Cancer cells manifest, to varying degrees, intravenous feeding characteristics that distinguish them from normal cells, comprising- uncontrolled proliferation, de-differentiation and loss of function, invasiveness and metastasis (Rang et al. 2007). The Genesis of a Cancer Cell A normal cell turns into a cancer cell because of one or to a greater extent mutations in its DNA, which can be inherited or acquired. In case of the breast cancer, woman who inherits a single defective assume of either of these tumor suppresser gene genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 displays an augmented risk of developing breast cancer. However, carcinogenesis is a complex, multistage process, usually involving more than one genetic change. Other epigenetic factors responsible for carcinogenesis involve epigenetic factors, such as level of hormones in the body, painting to carcinogens and tumor promoting agents. These epigenetic factors do not produce cancer by themselves but enhances the likelihood of genetic mutation(s) resulting in cancer. These genetic changes are categorized as - A. The activation of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes Proto-oncogenes are the normal genes present in the cells and are responsible for controlling cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis. A triggering factor such as a virus or exposure to any carcinogen brings malignant changes in the cell. B. The inactivation of tumor suppressor genes A cell has the mechanism to protect itself from uncontrolled proliferation and tumor formation due to expression of genes called tumor suppressor genes. These genes possess the ability to suppress malignant changes and are also referred as antioncogenes. Mutation in proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes results in the proliferation of tumor. Thus, a loss of function of tumor supp