Musical Hair Critiquing Essay

1) What show are you critiquing? Hair 2) Give a brief summary of the story line. Claude Hooper Bukowski, an Oklahoma farm boy, heads to New York City to enter the Army and serve in the Vietnam War. In Central Park, he meets a troupe of free-spirited hippies led by George Berger, a young man who introduces him to debutante Sheila Franklin when they crash a dinner party at her home. Inevitably, Claude is sent off to recruit training in Nevada, but Berger and his band of merry pranksters follow him. Sheila flirts with an off-duty Sergeant in order to steal his uniform, which she gives to Berger. He uses it to extract Claude from the base for a last meeting with Sheila, taking his place, but while Claude is away, the unit flies out to Vietnam, taking Berger with them. The film ends with the main cast singing at Berger’s grave, followed by scenes of a large anti-war protest outside the White House in Washington, DC. 3) What did you like best about this show? Hair succeeds at all levels—as lowdown fun, as affecting drama, as exhilarating spectacle and as provocative social observation. It achieves its goals by rigorously obeying the rules of classic American musical comedy: dialogue, plot, song and dance blend seamlessly to create a juggernaut of excitement. 4) What did you like least about this show? The film omits the songs â€Å"The Bed†, â€Å"Dead End†, â€Å"Oh Great God of Power†, â€Å"I Believe in Love†, â€Å"Going Down†, â€Å"Air†, â€Å"My Conviction†, â€Å"Abie Baby†, â€Å"Frank Mills†, and â€Å"What a Piece of Work is Man† from the musical. Many of the songs have been shortened, sped up, rearranged, or assigned to different characters to allow for the differences in plot. 5) Who was the hero/heroine? Claude Hooper Bukowski/ Sheila Franklin. 6) Who was the villain? The General. 7) Were you able to understand everything? If not what did you understand? A major plot difference between the film and the musical involves a mistake that leads Berger to go to Vietnam in Claude’s place, where he is killed. The musical focuses on the U.S. peace movement, as well as the love relationships among the Tribe members, while the film focuses on the carefree antics of the hippies. But why not make the film ending a happy one? In that case, the movie will better reflect the aspect of American Culture â€Å"Happy Ever After†. 8) Did you get a chance to listen to the soundtrack? Unfortunately not. 9) What was your favorite song? â€Å"Aquarius†. 10) Did you think that the actors were well cast? Sure. The cast featured John Savage as Claude Hooper Bukowski, Treat Williams as George Berger and Beverly D’Angelo as Sheila Franklin. Williams was nominated for New Star of the Year in a Motion Picture – Male. 11) If you were to remake this show who would you cast in the title roles? Why? If I were to remake the show, I would sill choose the actor and actress as the hero and heroine. The actors are really good-looking, and they can sing and dance well. 12) What aspect of American Culture do you see in this show? Nothing ventured nothing gained. Berger is not only at the heart of the hippie Tribe but is assigned some of Claude’s conflict involving whether or not to obey the draft. His death led to the large anti-war protest and featured the carefree antics of the hippies.

Energy transference at hypersonic velocities

I'm pretty sure we have had this discussion before so I've got one of my old copycats from a previous thread. Force travels through solid objects at roughly the speed of sound in that object, if you force a piece of an object to move at greater than the speed of sound through that medium it will simply tear whatever is holding it together without transmitting force to the surrounding structure. His gives a kind of hole punch effect If the projectile Is moving faster than the speed of sound In the target. The maximum known speed of mound is about 1 km/s in diamond, given that a dreaded shot moves at about Kim/s it is safe to assume that armor anti going to do sit. Given the momentum behind the small slug it should remain above the speed of sound in diamond until (keg*Kim/s/km/s) the total mass of matter it has punched through reaches 5. 3 tones.Second, things heat up when they are compressed as given by the perfect gas law (at these energy densities it is close enough for our purposes despite everything being solid) so when the projectile gets compressed it heats up, if it heats up to the correct bevel it melts, vaporizes and turns into plasma, that depends on the energy densities present (FUSION). So when a solid slug hits the armor the first thing which will happen Is that the slug punches a hole clean through the armor, no if's, no buts.Then the pressure wave begins to propagate through both the armor chunk which has been torn out and the projectile, the amount of pressure in this wave is so immensely fugue that the matter instantly becomes plasma shortly followed by becoming a angular fireball. The only question left is how far does the projectile reach inside the ship until you can top modeling It as a projectile and have to start modeling It as a nuke. He Irony here Is that armor essentially contains the fireball Inside the vessel Instead of keeping it on the outside. This is also why whippier shields are effective, the small layer of matter makes a hyper velocity impact under go the pressure induced explosion and become a far less damaging gas which Is then repelled by the actual armor of the vessel. Than weapons are a whole different ballgame. Nationally what comes out of a Than weapon can be considered a mass driver slug (the fact that it is molten doesn't tater, the impact velocity is so far beyond the speed of sound in the target and projectile that it's irrelevant) but in this case instead of being a CACM long cylinder or even a Javelin It is a long thin wire which probably only has a cross section measured In tenths of millimeters and a length In the hundreds of meters. ND punches a hole, the pressure wave propagates back through the projectile, as the pressure wave passes it explodes with the force of a nuclear weapon. So far normal. BUT Because the projectile is so long and traveling orders of magnitude faster than it's peed of sound, once the front end explodes it leaves relatively clear (exploded) space for the next sectio n of the projectile to pass through anus strike deeper into the target, Just like a pulsed laser or a multiple impact kinetic weapon like metal storm. His happens over and over and over again, the end effect is that a Than weapon will punch clean through a ship and out the other side which leaves a nice neat little hole.

The Bloom Box Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Bloom Box - Essay Example The company uses fuel cells, which are not a new form of technology. In addition, the use of methane and oxygen to create energy is comparable to natural gas production plants. In the end, I believe that the technology was merely overhyped, and is not as revolutionary as the media presents it, neither is it better than other green energy forms. Despite the criticism it faces, the company still has a bright future considering the green technology advancements it promotes. Its technologies represent the future of energy production as they have the necessary expertise. Although the company does not necessarily provide new energy technology, it provides a better service that is more efficient than that of other green-source energy producers. Even so, Microsoft’s new fuel cell partner, Redox Power (Mick 1), seeks to advance the technology that Bloom Box provides. In the end, competition in the market is beneficial for both consumers and the

Supply Chain Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supply Chain Integration - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that the supply chain is a vital topic for most of the practitioners and researchers. However, the main concerns constraining the full and complete use of the concept of supply chain management research has been the construct taking its own meaning that depends on the subjectivity of an individual and the different points of views. Therefore, there is a need for most of the researchers to operationalize and measure what actually supply chain integration means. Over the past years, one of the major themes in the supply chain literature has always been the integration as a key factor in achieving improvements. The general idea, in this case, is that the integrative practices and the high level of integration have a great impact positively on the performance of corporate and supply chain. A study conducted by McCarthy and Golicic showed that case studies are the most suitable methods for evaluating and understanding supply c hain integration. McCarthy and Golicic showed that case studies provided two important advantages that are crucial to achieving positive results in supply chain integration. Hitt, on the other hand, proposed that a quantitative approach is the best strategy to use in supply chain integration research. According to McCarthy and Golicic, case studies are ideal because they provide valuable insights into the theoretical and practical aspects of supply chain integration. In addition, unlike quantitative techniques, which show an overreliance on data, case studies offer real examples of successes and failures in supply chain integration and how they can be avoided. Quantitative methods are preferred in some quarters because they support long-term investigations. For example, data can always be stored and used in future probes. However, both case studies and quantitative technique demonstrate a noticeable weakness in the sense that they are not balanced enough to support varied and comple x inquiries on supply chain integration. This is a major reason for opting for a multi-case approach in this paper.

How Stress Management and Decision Making affect the Hospitality and Essay

How Stress Management and Decision Making affect the Hospitality and Events Industry - Essay Example A combination exhibiting of any of these conditions is normally a good indicator that a person is experiencing stress. In addition to these physical symptoms of stress, over time stress can end up affecting a person’s immune system to the point whereby the person easily gets sick, low fertility, stress can also cause someone to experience lower back, shoulders and neck pain form the constant muscle tension that results from stress. Skin conditions, muscle and lung problems are also greatly worsened by stress (Banyard, 2009). Psychological Effects of Stress In addition to the physical symptoms of stress, there are also some psychological effects of stress that can severely affect a person’s thoughts and emotions. These include tendencies by persons suffering from stress to worry too much about relatively small and unimportant things; the person may also feel tired or even jumpy all the time in addition to finding it to be invariably difficult for them to focus on even si mple mundane tasks. A person will also tend to constantly imagine that bad things are happening or almost happening in addition to their feeling cranky, having a short temper that causes them to keep on yelling at others for no apparent reason which ultimately causes them to feel extremely frustrated (Fink, 2010). Consequences of Stress and Coping Behaviors in the Hospitality and Events Industry There have been a few studies conducted focusing on investigating the consequences of stress in the hospitality industry. Some of these consequences of stress include sleep disorders, annoyance, nervousness, high blood pressure, heart diseases, lack of appetite and smoking among others (Topaloglu and Tuna, 1998). Studies conducted by Bymer et al. (1991) aimed at trying to examine stress and the subsequent coping mechanisms specifically in the hospitality industry among managers working in 23 hotels across the United States indicated that job stressors had a negative impact on how the manager s conducted their managerial duties as well affecting the employee attitudes at the various hotels resulting in high numbers of on-the-job accidents, turnover, sick days, absenteeism low levels of productivity and job satisfaction (Landy and Conte 2010). The Relationship between Stress and Work Performance The Inverted U is one of the oldest and most important stress management ideas used to try and establish the relationship that exists between stress and work performance. When the pressure being exerted on a person

Aboriginal Community Health and Well-Being Essay

Aboriginal Community Health and Well-Being - Essay Example Several regions of the world have aboriginals like Australia and Canada (Hazlehurst, 1995). Just like other communities, aboriginal has controlled health organizations whose duty is to ensure the delivery of holistic and culturally appropriate health care. Worth noting, aboriginal community health represents not only the physical well-being, but also cultural, social and emotional as well (Eckersley et. al. 2001). However, analysts believe that the trend of rearing aboriginals has changed drastically since today many of them are reared without their cultural believes. Through this provision, individuals achieve full potential ultimately contributing to the overall well-being of their community. Section A, Question 1. Poor health is a biological manifestation of inequality among the Aboriginal in Canada. In this community, health and medical beliefs are social and spiritual. Aboriginal community in Canada experience poor health outcomes, which reflects on their knowledge about biologi cal health. Diseases such as chronic disease, accidental disease, post neonatal mortality, and mental illness are common in Aboriginal reserves (Waldram, et.al., 2006). For example, health report in 1999 alludes that Aboriginal living in the reserves recorded the highest number of suicide. Further, aboriginals in the reserves have high percentage of diabetes and other attacks. The above health figures support the argument of Physician Paul Farmer. Inequality refers to non-uniform distribution of essential needs in the society. For instance, non-uniform health care policies influence the distribution and administration of healthcare in the society. Non-uniform social and legal policies influence social status of individuals in the community. Social factors contribute to health inequality in aboriginal community. Emotional, physical, spiritual, and mental dimensions of Aboriginal health among children and youths indicate that social determinants contribute to inequality in health. Soc ial determinants that influence health fall under the following categories distal (e.g. political, historical, economical and social context), proximal (e.g. social and physical environment, health behaviors), and intermediate (e.g. resources, community infrastructure, capacities and systems) (Waldram et.al. 2006). Social determinants affect health behaviours, health vulnerability and capacity, and health management. Due to the many imbalances of life and need for healing such problems, sweat lodge is used extensively to assist since it occurs in the mind, spirit, emotions, and the body as well. Further, social determinants would influence circumstances that contribute to alleviation of health problems. For example, aboriginals who lead a low-income life experience diseases and illnesses. Like other communities, they are entitled to medication. However, in the provision of the medication, the healers are not regulated by an institution or law, but rather unwritten ethical standards of practise and community support. This in turn reflects to the social status, which links inadequate opportunities to raise income to good health. Inadequate employment opportunity influence income of an individual, which further contributes to poverty level in the society. In essence, poverty is a factor that contributes to health condition of the community. Fighting poverty or developing ways of fighting poverty contributes to health improvement in the society (Hazlehurst, 1995). Researchers in health argue that social factors contribute to the health inequality of the Aboriginals. Socio political factors in Canada are major factors that contribute to health inequality among the Aboriginal communities (White, et. al. 2003). Historically,

Seven Oaks Shopping Centre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Seven Oaks Shopping Centre - Essay Example With a number of food outlets and other service stores, the mall provides a stop point shop for all class of people. At least the mall has something to offer for the visiting customers. The available shops offer customers what they need and when they need it. It is a perfect place to relax, grab something to eat and meet for special occasions. The diverse portfolio in the mall is more than $8.7 billion of retail, industrial, office and other offices.  ¬1Located in Abbotsford, Seven oaks shopping centre neighbors a number of super built structures offering different services to the people. It borders Mill Lake Park on the south. The park is one 1.  Ross, Ian. "Housing Starts Build Banner Year under a Blue Sky."   March 1, 2005.of the attracting sites in Abbotsford. A number of people usually take time to relax in the park. Before visiting the park, at least visitors can visit the mall to buy snacks. The mill Lake Road offers a good connection to the shopping mall. The mall is al so close to the Abbotsford’s senior secondary school on Southwest and also Abbotsford Arts centre. There is also the Ravine Park that is connected to the mall by Bourquin crescent. The George Ferguson way connecting two main countries is also a plus to the mall since people travelling from the United States. The mall is also borders Real Canadian superstore, which is a source of some products being used in the mall.   Abbotsford is known for its unpredictable climatic conditions, it is however known for its cool climatic conditions.

Health and Saftey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Health and Saftey - Essay Example Carbon monoxide is odourless and so increase in the ambient concentration will not be detected by smell and there is no equipment in the warehouse for detecting carbon monoxide increase in ambient concentration. Therefore the reasons for this situation are the presence of carbon monoxide in the exhaust of the gas fuelled fork lifts, due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). The first action is to move the ladies that are complaining of dizziness and nausea out of the warehouse to breathe fresh air with more oxygen to remove the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning. The second step consists of using the basic air sampling tubes to test for the ambient concentration of carbon monoxide and confirm its excess presence (Rimmer & Yarnell, 2009). 4. Gas masks to be made available in the warehouse for use in case the air sampling tubes indicated elevated levels of ambient carbon monoxide. In case ambient carbon monoxide levels exceed 400ppm, all personnel to be cleared from the warehouse and the sealed doors opened to lower the ambient carbon monoxide levels. Rimmer, T. W. & Yarnell, S. H. (2009). Controlling Forklifts Exhaust Emissions. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Occupational Health & Safety Web Site:

Final Film Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Final Film Critique - Research Paper Example The movie has gained worldwide recognition due to it being able to address a large audience on a global scale that has been able to relate with every aspect of it. This paper thus helps to provide an insight into the technical factors of the movie including things like its acting, storyline, cinematography as well as style and direction, and how the story of Juno managed to engage people all over the world and help it become worthy of receiving international accolades. Juno the film has a very basic story line as well as concept attached to the tale; it is about a young girl trying to explore the nooks and crannies of intimacy and relationships without understanding the implications that might arise along with the same. The film has been directed in a very concise manner making use of pencil stylized ‘rotoscoped’ images right from the credits in the beginning, making use of animation in order to help the audience understand the maturity level of the girl and the kind of colourful life that she always wanted to live for herself. This entire sequence took a period of seven to eight months to be mastered as each and every shot that follows Juno on her way to the medical pharmacy was taken in short screenings. The set design is incredible, assisting in providing the film with a touch of wonder. The story has been told through the eyes of Juno herself, as she takes the audience along on her woven tale of how she ended up having sexual relations with her classmate whom she did not have any feelings for. The film thus helps teenagers to explore the kind of curiosity that reigns within them, and how the same should be understood not by simply jumping in and trying things out with friends, but by reading about things and comprehending the facts about life from one’s parents first. It helps children and young adults to understand how friends might not be the best option when it comes to understanding such information about pregnancy and intercourse. T hese aspects of life are crucial to one’s existence and they must be understood well by every individual so that he is able to make his own decisions without falling into trouble or having unplanned circumstances crop up in his life. (Sciretta, Peter) Thus, the film achieved mass appeal because of the story telling as well as how the girl managed to learn her lesson without panicking much about the situation. The various characters within the movie have been portrayed in a very interesting manner. The director has taken his time to choose the main protagonists and provide them with a different twist. Juno is a young teenage girl who comes off a little strong on the first meeting with everyone. Full of sarcasm, she helps to put an indie spin on the movie and gives a very intense performance with her dominating nature and need to control everything that might not even be in her reach. However, she understands where she went wrong by getting pregnant but decides to bring about a change in a couple’s life with the help of her baby who she is willing to give up in order to make someone else happy. There was a vast amount of dramatisation in the film played by the other characters, namely Juno’s parents which helped to calm the situation by making her understand what she had gone through, and helping her come out with a solution rather than screaming at her and making her feel the pain of the

Marketing strategy of Kempinski (NOT a singel hotel but the global Research Proposal

Marketing strategy of Kempinski (NOT a singel hotel but the global brand) - Research Proposal Example The wine trade business of Kempinski has been quite active from 1862 (Kempinski, 2014a). However, after a short stagnation period, the company again flourished in Berlin. In the year 1872, the hotel chain was extended to Berlin. Then again, during World War II, the hotel at Berlin was completely destroyed. In 1994, Kempinski was taken over by Dusit Sindhorn by acquiring 52 percent stake of the hotel chain. This joint venture between Dusit and Siam Bank came to an end, when Dusit sold off the hotel chain to the latter (Kempinski, 2014a). This hotel chain is known for its deep-rooted traditions. Being one of the oldest chains of hotels in Europe, Kempinski provides a unique offering of cultural heritage and traditional architecture. As already mentioned, the hotel group has 75 hotels spread across 30 countries (Kempinski, 2014a). Nonetheless, the company is continuously expanding its base by adding new hotels in Middle East, Europe, Asia and Africa. The offerings include a portfolio of city hotels, historic hotels, residences and resorts. Few of the hotel brands that are famous worldwide are Berlin’s Adlon Kempinski hotel, Abu Dhabi’s Emirates Palace, Dresden’s Taschenbergpalais Kempinski hotel and Instanbul’s Çiragan Palace. The owners of Kempinski are also associated with establishing a global alliance of hotels that is active worldwide (Kempinski, 2014b). Kempinski caters to a wide range of customers in the premium and luxury segment. The hotel group’s target customers include wealthy and high profile individuals travelling for leisure, vacation or business. The hotels also cater to various incentive groups and business conferences. The hotels offer unique locations for meetings and seminars. The hotels support various restaurants, bars, spas and clubs; many of these are open to outsiders too. Thus, the hotels also offer services to outside customers. Market segmentation for Kempinski can be done according to specialty of its hotels.

Kite Runner Essay Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Essay Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner has many themes that are significant. This book also has themes that are hidden to the reader, to find these themes the reader needs to think about the events that occur in the book. In this book redemption, discrimination, and violence play a big role in the events in this book. Redemption is one of the most important themes in the kite runner. Throughout the story, Amir is trying to redeem himself because of many events that he was a part of. In the begging of the story Rahim Khan calls Amir and tells him â€Å"There is a way to be good again. † (Page 2) Putting this in the first chapter of the story tells the reader many things about Amir, it could tell us that Amir has done many things that he regrets, or he has done things that caused pain to someone else. Amir’s mother dies when she is giving birth to him, throughout the story Amir tries many different things to redeem himself to his father. When Amir wins the kite competition he thinks that he would finally redeem himself for his mothers death. Amir thinks that he redeems himself because â€Å"A smile played down on my father’s lips. He opened his arms† (Page 79) When someone does this someone will automatically think that you redeemed yourself to that person. Another event that Amir does that he redeems himself for later is when he blackmails Hassan. Amir’s father gives him a watch and Amir decides to put it under Hassan’s pillow. Later when Amir’s father finds out that he took his watch he forgives him, but Ali (Hassan’s father) says that they make the decision to leave. To the near end of the book, when Amir goes back to Afghanistan, he receives a letter from Hassan. The letter tells him that he (Hassan) died, and that he has a son that it taken by the Taliban. Amir tells Farid (The person who takes Amir around in Afghanistan) about Sohrab, and he tells him â€Å"You have a visa to go to America, to life with me and my wife. It’s true. I promise† (Page 355) When Amir found out that he lost his best friend he went through a lot of trouble to get Sohrab. Amir could have avoided this if he did not frame Hassan. If Amir did not frame Hassan, Hassan and Ali could have fled the country with Amir and his father. This event has a big impact on the events in the story. Without these examples of redemption, it is hard to picture the book ending in the way that it did. Along with many other themes, discrimination is one of the less discussed themes in this book. In my opinion I think that discrimination should be a theme that should be as important as any other theme. Discrimination plays a big role in the kite runner because of the structure of the social classes. In the begging of the story we know that Hassan is Amir’s Hazara but later we know that he is Amir’s brother. When Amir won the kite competition Hassan went to get the winning the kite. Hours had passed and Hassan did not show up. Amir goes looking for him and he asks Omar (only involved in one paragraph) if he saw Hassan, Omar answers him by saying â€Å"Your Hazara? † (Page 68) without saying more than two sentences, we can see that people in the class with Hassan are treated with no respect and they are called Hazaras. Another event that happens when Hassan finally finds the kite that allowed Amir to win the competition he is surrounded by Assef and his gang. Assef is one of the biggest discriminators towards Hazaras as he is intimidating Hassan, he says, â€Å"A loyal Hazara, Loyal as a dog† (Page 72) When Hassan said this he could of compared Hassan to something else, but he picked a dog to show the most disrespect towards Hassan. In my own opinion I think that discrimination towards Hazaras in Kabul is horrible because they are treated as if they are a different race of people. Hazaras have the exact physical features as any average human being but they are treated like they are slaves. This is how discrimination, which is one of the themes that is not talked about a lot, is significant in this book. Violence is also one of the themes that are not discussed as much, violence should be because it is important and it is hidden. There are many examples that show violence in the book. One of the examples that show violence is when Hassan gets raped when Assef and his gang surround him. The author does not tell the reader that Hassan got raped but instead he makes Wali, one of the members of Assef’s gang, tell Assef â€Å"My father says it’s sinful† (Page 75) This is a indirect message to inform the reader that Hassan gets raped. This is one great example that violence plays a big role in the process of this book. Assef could of threated Hassan instead of raping him. In my opinion I think that he could not have done something that wasn’t related to violence. Assef wanted to have his revenge on Hassan but it was hard to do something that has nothing to do with violence. Later on in the book, when Amir and Hassan do not talk to each other after Hassan got raped for him over a kite. Hassan asked if he could go under the pomegranate tree and let Amir read a story for him. When Amir and Hassan were under the pomegranate tree, Hassan asked Amir what he was doing wrong so he could stop, Amir told him that Hassan should stand up for himself. Hassan did not answer and Amir started to throw pomegranates on Hassan, Amir then told him â€Å"Hit me back! Hit me back goddamn you† (Page 92) this is another great example that shows the violence that is included in the book. Hassan is the most loyal person in the book and Amir does not appreciate it; instead Amir wants Hassan to hit him with a pomegranate. When Hassan stands up, he then smears a pomegranate on his face and walks away. This is how violence plays a theme in the book. It is not as visible as the other themes in the book but it is as significant as the other themes. Redemption, discrimination, and violence are themes in Khaled Hosseini’s kite runner that play a big role in the book. Without these three themes it is hard to picture if the book would end up the way that it actually ended up being. Quotes and Information taken from Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini.

The Correcting Of Errors In Students Work English Language Essay

The Correcting Of Errors In Students Work English Language Essay Look at the following pieces of written work. In each case write a list of all the errors that have been made. Mark on the list, which type of error they are, according to the simple classification above. Write the correct version of the error underneath eg: Student 1 I am 46 years old and married (G) for twenty years. We have got three children, one soon (SP) and two daughters. There (G) are six, eight and eleven years old. I am an electrical engineer and worked (T) for a company who manufactured (T)machines for processing automatically.(WO) At first, I am going to learn English in Great Britain. Its very important for my job. Then, I would like to have a little compangniy (SP) with about ten co-worker (WW) for myself. If it (G) isnt possible, Ill (G) manage a department who developed (G T) high technology machines. I became (WO)the test sheets for complete (WO) and (G)return directly at you. You phoned at your agent about my course at your school in Bristol. Very thanks for your trouble. (WO) Im happy to come at (PR)your school and Im (G) sure to learn better English. (G) I dont know my flight number on the 5st (SP) March. I would (G) let you (MW) as soon as possible. 1. I am 46 years old and married (G) for twenty years.   C- I am 46 years old and have been married for twenty years. 2. We have got three children, one soon (SP) and two daughters. C- We have got three children, one son two daughters. 3.There (G) are six, eight eleven years old. C- They are six, eight eleven years old. 4. I am an electrical engineer and worked (T) for a company who manufactured machines for processing automatically (T). C- I am an electrical engineer and work for a company who manufactures automatic processing machines. 5. Then, I would like to have a little compagniy (SP) with about ten co-worker (WW)for myself. C- Then, I would like to have a little company with about ten employees 6. If it (G) isnt possible, Ill manage a department who (G) developed (T) high technology machines. C- If that isnt possible, Ill like to manage a department  that  develops high technology machine. 7. I became (WW) the test sheets for complete (WW) and (G)return directly at (PR)you. C- I have the test sheets for completion and I will return directly to you. 8. You phoned at your agent about my course at your school in bristol. C-   The error may be context and grammar    9. Very thanks for your trouble. (WO) C- Many thanks for your trouble 10. Im happy to come at (PR)your school and Im sure to (G) learn better English. (WW) C- Im happy to come to your school and Im sure I will improve my English. 11. I dont know my flight number on the 5st March (G). C- I dont know  my flight number on the 5th of March. 12. I would (G)let you ^as soon as possible. C- I will let you know as soon as possible. Student 2 I am fourty (SP) years old. My height is 1.8m (G) and my hair is blond. My hobbys (SP)are walking and climbing (sp) in the mountain (G). My job (G) is Quality-Manager. I live (T) ten years at (PR) Russikon. I weake (SP) up at seven ochlock (SP) in the morning. I go (G) for breakfast in the kitchen. After the breakfast and I drive to work by car. In the office there is a lot of work. I have a brak at ten oclock and I drink a tea. 12 oclock I go home for lunch. In the future I will a good life with my family. I hope I get a lot of money. I will learn better English for my job. I hope you will be happy with my history. 1.  Im fourty years old. C- Im forty (SP)  years old. 2. My height is 1.8m (G) and my hair is blond. C- I am 1.8m tall and my hair is blond. 3. My hobbys (SP)are walking and clymbimgin (SP)the mountain (G). C- My hobbies are walking and climbing in the mountains. 4. My job is quality-manager. (G) C-I am a quality- manager 5.  I live ten years at Russikon. (G/WO) C- I have lived 10 years in Russikon 6. I weake (SP) up at seven ochlock (SP) in the morning. C- I wake up seven oclock in the morning. 7. I go for breakfast in the kitchen. (G) C- I have my breakfast in the kitchen 8. After the breakfast (G) and I drive to work by car. C-After breakfast, I drive to work by car. 9. In the office there is a lot of work. (WO) C- There is lot of work in the office 10. I have a break at ten oclock and I drink a tea. C- I have a break at ten oclock and I have a cup of tea 11. In the future I will (G) a good life with my family. C-In the future I hope to have good life with my family. 12. I hope I get a lot (G,WO) of money. C- I hope I will  make lot of money. 13. I will learn better (G) english (SP) for my job. C-I hope to improve my English as I need it for my job. 14. I hope  you will be happy with my history. (WW) C-I hope you will be happy with my story. Student 3. Yesterday I arrived in Bath. In this town there is a college where Ill study English for two weeks. When we arrived at the college we went to our bedroom. I stay in bed-room with my best friend and Im very happy for this. At eight oclock we had dinner and then we have visited the college. It is beautiful and there is also a swimming pool. Then we caome back to our bed-room wher Ive chatted whit my friend for a long time. We both happy and we both hope to have good time in this college. Unfortunately the weather isnt very good yesterday rained and today too but I think that the weather isnt very important. 1. Yesterday I arrived in Bath. (WO) C- I arrived in Bath yesterday. 2. In this town there is a college (WO)where Ill study English for two weeks. C   There is a college in this town where Ill study English for two weeks. 3. When we arrived at the college we went to our bedroom. (G) C- When we arrived at the college, we went to our bedrooms. 4. I stay in bed-room with my best friend and Iam very happy for this. (G, WO) C-I am very happy that I am sharing the room with my best friend. 5. At eight oclock we had dinner and then we have (G) visited the college. C- At eighth oclock we had dinner then we visited the college. 6. Then we caome (SP) back to our bed-room wher (G) Ive chatted (G) whit (SP) my friend for a long time. C-Then we came (SP) back to our bedroom where I chat with my friend for a long time. (G) 6. We both happy (G) and we both hope to have a good time in this (PR) college. C- We are both happy and we both hope to have a good time at this college. 7. Unfortunately the weather isnt (G)very good yesterday rained and today too. (WO) C- Unfortunately the weather wasnt very good; it rained  yesterday again today.   8. But I think that the weather isnt very (G) important. C- I dont think the weather is very important. Student 4 1.I had been (G) in London for about four days, (conjunction) I saw the Tower  of London, the Tower bridge the Big Ben and the other famous places of this city (G, WO). C- I have been (G) in London for about four days, and I saw the Tower of London, Tower Bridge, Big Ben and some of the citys other famous places.   2. To arrive in Bath, I brought a coach. (WO) C- I came to  Bath by coach. 3. The journey was long (WO) but Im very happy to arrive (G) in this town. C- It was a long journey but Im very happy to have arrived in this town. 4.. I didnt stay (G)here before, but all my friends who saw (G) Bath tell me that it is very beautiful. C- I have never been here before, but all my friends who have visited Bath tell me it is very beautiful 5. I hope I (G) enjoy myself very much. C- I hope I  will enjoy myself very much. Student 5. Collection of error, not a narrative. a) Thank you for the informations. (G) C- Thank you for the information b) I stand up at 6 oclock in the morning. (WW) C- I wake up at 6 oclock in the morning. c) When I am ready I am eating my meal. (T) C- When I am ready I will eat my meal. d) I passed a good week with you. (WW) C- I spent a good week with you. e) I want saying you thank you. (G) C- I want to say thank you. f) I had ^(G) very nice lunch and ^(G) wine and it made me very full up (WO) and Im no more hungry. C- I had a very nice lunch and a glass of wine, and it made me very full and I am not hungry anymore g) Where I stay (G) the wife is a very good cooker (WO). C- Where I am staying, the wife is a very good cook. h) The father is very humouristic. (WW) C- The landlord is very humoristic. i) Im deceived (WW) for answer as ^ quickly. C- I am unable to answer quickly. j) My friend dont let me any place. C Convoluted, with multiple meanings. k) The weather gets warmer in summer isnt it (P, G)? C- The weather gets warmer in summer doesnt it? i) My partner gives the answer dont he? (WO)    C- He has the answer doesnt he? m) The weather will remember me England. (WO) C- The weather reminds me of England. n) We put there our luggage. (WO) C- We put  our  luggage there. o) On five oclock I want to eat my tea. (P, WO) C-  I want to eat my  tea at five oclock.   Grammar Present Perfect vs Past Simple Exercise 1 (Ive been or I was?) Complete this letter to a newspaper. Put in the Present Perfect or Past Simple. This pub __________ (be) the centre of village life for centuries. It _________(stand) at our crossroads for 500 years. It ___________(be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once ____________(stay) there, they say. I __________(live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers ___________(know) about the plans for less than a week and already theres a Save Our Pub campaign. Last week we _______________(be) happy, but this week were angry. We will stop them, youll see. Reason why the exercise is good: This exercise is useful as it gives students are given a context to fill in the blanks with the right language use Exercise 2 Present perfect or past simple? Put in the verbs. Tom: Have you heard (you/hear) the news about David? Harriet: No. (1) __________________(what/happen)? Tom: (2) ____________(he/have) an accident. He was walking down some steps. (3) _________(he/fall) and ____________(break) his leg. Reason why this exercise is good: It makes a realistic exercise for students to practice the language use in speaking. Relative clauses (who,that, which) Join the following sentences to make one sentence using a relative pronoun when necessary. If the relative pronoun is unnecessary, put it in brackets. You may sometimes have to change the word order or change a into the. Theres the boy. He broke the window. _______________________________ The film star gave a party. It cost $10,000. _______________________________ Thats the palace. The Queen lives in it. _______________________________ You met a man at the party. He is a famous film star. The man_______________________________ My friend came to the party. Hes a policeman. _______________________________ There are the policemen. They caught the thief. _______________________________ Whats the name of the lady? She was wearing the blue dress. _______________________________ I gave her a watch. It stopped after two days. _______________________________ My car was very expensive. Its a Mercedes. _______________________________ Youre reading a book. I wanted to read it. _______________________________ Reason why this exercise is good: Students get to practice language use in writing as they combine 2 sentences together, and also forming the sentence in the correct subject verb order with the correct relative clause. Relative clauses Put a relative pronoun into each gap. At the same time, decide whether the relative pronoun can be omitted. 1 The books, _______________ Id ordered over the internet, took nearly three weeks to arrive. 2 The books _______________ Id ordered from a bookshop arrived the following week. 3 My parents, _______________ were born in the north of England, moved to London to find work. 4 The man _______________ lives upstairs is always playing music when Im trying to get to sleep. 5 The building _______________ I live in was built in the 1920s. 6 The building _______________ I live was built in the 1920s. 7 The cars making a funny noise again, _______________ means well have to get someone to look at it. 8 The employee to _______________ you refer is no longer working for this company. 9 Do you remember the name of the man _______________ car you crashed into? 10 Have you any idea _______________ they were arguing about? 11 Have you any idea _______________ they were arguing? 12 The hotel _______________ we stayed was very good for the price. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences by using either what or which. (When which is used it should be preceded by a comma which the student must insert for himself). 1.- He didnt believed ____ I said ____ annoyed me very Married man (to bachelor friend): You can do ________ like much. in the evenings but I have to go home to my wife. 2.- In detective stories the murderer is always caught ____ 20.- ________ my neighbour is cooking there is a smell of doesnt happen in real life. burning. 3.- He wasnt surprised at ____ he saw because I told him ____ to expect. 4.- In hospitals they wake patients at 6 a.m. ____ is much too early. 5.- There was no directory in the first telephone box ____ meant I had to go to another one. 6.- I did ____ I could ____ wasnt much. 7.- The clock struck thirteen ____ made everyone laugh. 8.- I am sure that ____ you say is true. Will/going to exercise Explanation: will-future or going to-future Bottom of Form 1) Philipp __________15 next Wednesday. (to be) 2) They ___________a new computer. (to get) 3) I think, my mother ______________this CD. (to like) 4) Pauls sister _____________a baby. (to have) 5) They_____________ at about 4 in the afternoon. (to arrive) 6) Just a moment. I _______ you with the bags. (to help) 7) In 2020 people ___________ more hybrid cars. (to buy) 8) Marvin __________ a party next week. (to throw) 9) We _____________ to Venice in June. (to fly) 10) Look at the clouds! It ________________soon. (to rain) Question Tags exercise You are at a barbecue. Add question tags to help start a friendly conversation. These sausages are delicious, ___________________? They certainly are. You havent lived here long ________________? No, only three months. Its quite a big garden _____________? Yes, theres plenty of room. Youre Rachels friend _____________? Yes, Im Vicky You came in a sports car, ____________? Thats right. These burgers look good ____________? I cant wait to try them. We can sit on the grass ____________? I think its dry enough. The weather forecast wasnt very good, ____________? No, it wasnt. The exercise guides students to fill in the right question tag by giving both the question and answer. Exercise 2 Requests and questions. You want to look at a newspaper. Daniel might have one, so ask him (havent) Warn David not to do anything silly. (Dont) Suggest to Vicky that you both listen to some music. (Lets) You need a timetable. Emma might have one, so ask her. (havent) Ask Rachel to pass you the salt. (Pass) This exercise is good as students will have to reconstruct the question and answer. Present Simple/ Present continuous Simple Present or Present Progressive/Continuous Exercise 2 Explanation: Simple Present or Present Progressive Top of Form Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or the Present Progressive. Example: Steve always ____ his bike in the afternoon. (to ride) Answer: Steve always rides his bike in the afternoon. 1) Andy sometimes _______ comics. (to read) 2) We never ________ TV in the morning. (to watch) 3) Listen! Sandy ________ in the bathroom. (to sing) 4) My sister usually ________ in the kitchen. (to help) 5) My mother ________ breakfast now. (to make) 6) They often ________ the bathroom. (to clean) 7) Look! The boys ________ home. (to come) 8) Every day his grandfather ________ for a walk. (to go) 9) I ________ with my friend at the moment. (to chat) 10) Cats ________ mice. (to eat) Bottom of Form http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_present_progressive2.htm Exercise 2 Im writing to my parents. I write to them every weekend. _________________(it/snow) outside. ______________(it/come) down quite hard, look. I havent got a car at the moment, so ______________(I/go) to work on the bus this week. Usually _________________(I/drive) to work. Normally _______________(I/start) work at eight oclock, but ___________ (I/start) at seven this week. Were very busy at the moment. Im afraid I have no time to help just now. ______________ (I/write) a report. But _____________ (I/promise) Ill give you some help later. ______________ (I/want) a new car. _______________ (I/save) up to buy one. Verbs followed by prepositions Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions. 1 She suffers _______ diabetes. _________________________________ 2 She complained _______ the food to the manager. _________________________________ 3 I often listen ________ the radio while driving. _________________________________ 4 He got married ______ a girl he met in China. _________________________________ 5 She has applied ______ a new job. _________________________________ 6 He spends a lot of time ______ his work. _________________________________ 7 Who are you shouting ________ ? _________________________________ 8 Who does this book belong ______ ? _________________________________ 9 They are going to translate the book _______ Chinese. _________________________________ 10 She apologised ____ being late. _________________________________ 11 Her teachers were satisfied ______ her progress. _________________________________ 12 Im thinking _______ going to France. Verb and Prepositions For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer: 1. Youve been talking about asking her out for weeks, what are you waiting ____? a. to b. in c. at d. for 2. Yeah, Mr Bennett is our history teacher, hes nice but I never know what hes talking _______. a. of b. on c. about d. over 3. Ive finally decided to call ______ Simon, I want to know how he feels. a. b. to c. at d. in 4. People say he works _____ the CIA, and he carries a gun! a. at b. for c. with d. in 5. What kind of music do you like listening ____? a. to b. at c. d. for 6. What did you discuss _____ at the meeting? a. on b. over c. about d. Adverbial modifier of Place 1 Underline the adverbial modifier in the sentences. The arrow fell on this spot You can buy it in all places. He fell to the ground. He studied in a foreign country. I found the book at that corner. Underline the adverbial modifier in the sentences. The shoe is pressing on my toe. The desert stretched to the north. Much water has run under the bridge. He was playing beside the river. He whispered gaily in her ear. These exercises draws students to the adverbial phrases used within the context of a sentence. Adverbial modifier of Time 1 Underline the adverbial modifier in the sentences. No such diseases were known in those days. He is coming at this very moment. Before very long, the rain came. In former times, we had to cycle to school. He came to the class just now. Adverbial modifier of Time 2 Underline the adverbial modifier in the sentences. He succeeded in the long run. Let us cease work from this very moment. He sat for a while on the bank of the river. The alarm sounded at the appointed time. I hope he will come at a very early date. General Tenses 1 Rewrite the sentences by correcting the tenses. I was eating breakfast right now. Usually I worked in an office, However , these days, I was working as a waitress. He woke up in the morning brush his teeth and ate lunch. I will not eat until I will be hungry. When I arrived, Steven has been playing football. Reason why this exercise is good: Giving students error correction exercises allows them to be less self-conscious of the mistakes they make, as well as gain an understanding of the different errors. Correct Answer: I am eating breakfast right now. Usually I worked in an office, However , these days, I am working as a waitress. He woke up in the morning, brushed his teeth and ate lunch. I will not eat until I am hungry. When I arrived, Steven was playing football. General Tenses 2 Choose the correct answer. 1. The train wasnt there. It __________ already had been left has left had left 2. How long __________________each other when they got married? have they known had they known would they know 3. She ________________ to speak English before she arrived in London. had learned already will have already learned had already learned 4. Rick ______________ good Mandarin because he had been studying for several years. spoke had spoken has spoken 5. I _____________ from him for ten years when I received his last letter. didnt hear hadnt been hearning hadnt heard It is, it was, it will be 1 Answer the questions using the above words. You may add your own details. 1. In which year did Mary start schooling? 2. What sport does John play in school? 3. Where did the Olympic Games originate? 4. When can you finished the project? When is the sun nearer to the earth, at noon or at sunset? These questions give students free reign to practice their language use. It is, it was, it will be 2 Answer the questions using the above words. You may add your own details. 1. When will Paul graduate? 2. Do you know who has taken the pencil? 3. Is the snake longer than 1 metre? 4. Who has taken the pie yesterday? 5. Will the basket be weaved in a 3 days? Preposition of Place Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. Being chased by the dog, he dashed _________ the road. He leaned __________ the wall as he waited for the bus. All the while the child has been standing __________ the curtain. The supporters stand _________ the politician as he was being charged. He kept very silent as he sat ___________ the boss. Answer: 1) across against behind by besides Preposition of Place Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. He lost his way and came ______ the end of the road. The chest can be found ______ the surface of the cross junction. As he was brooding when walking he fell _______ a ditch. We have combed _______ the estate and could not find the dog. The workers marched _______ the town in protest. Answer to below into round through Preposition of Time Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. We start ____ six _____ in the morning. _____ last month I have seen him but once. He was at the library _____ the whole day. Ten minutes _____ twelve, he was already there. The citizens prospered ______ the rule of the king Asnwer at , in from during to under Preposition of Time 2 Fill in the blank with the correct preposition. There was drought _______ the year. The students arrived well ______ the teacher. They completed the project ______ three o clock. You must finish the marking _______ a month The rain lasted ______ the night. Answer: throughout before by within through Preposition + Dates Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1) I have been ill ___________ last week. 2) I commenced work ________ 1st January 3) Not ______ the next month can I submit the project. 4) I shall work ______ the end of May. 5) _______ week 1 and week 2, I will be on holiday. Answer since from until till Between Preposition + Dates 2 Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1) You must complete the assignment _____ the 8th of June. 2) ________ April , you can go on leave. 3) They have worked _______ the month of January. 4) He goes _____ Sunday to the church. 5) He took off in lie _____ Monday holiday. Answer by after into on of Present Simple and Simple Future Complete the following by putting in the verbs. Use the present simple or future simple. Alice ___________ (walk) to school everyday. These books _________ twenty dollars each. (cost) I ________________ (call) you when I reach the office. The sun _____________ (rise) in the east. We ____________ (travel) to Japan during the summer holiday if we can get the air tickets. Answer walks cost will call rises will travel Present Simple and Simple Future Complete the following by putting in the verbs. Use the present simple or simple future. Badminton is a wonderful game. John ___________ (love) to play it. 2 The train usually ____________ (leave) at five-thirty every morning. 3. I ______________(send) you the information when I receive it. The phone is ringing. I _____________ (get) it. It always ____________ (rain) in the weekend. Answer loves leaves will send will get rains Reason consequence 1 Identify which is the reason and which is the consequence in the sentences. Janet was so fat that she refused to take part in sport. It was his greed that led to his downfall. If I go out in the rain I get wet. I will buy the house provided that it is cheap. He finished last as he began late. This exercise corrects the errors by showing what is wrong and getting students to arrange it in the right order. Reason consequence 2 Identify which is the reason and which is the consequence in the sentences. 1) In case he is seriously ill. I will email you. 2) Had you been less rash, we would not lose the game. 3) It is your unfortunate remark that the meeting becomes sour. 4) As you have made a promise, you must keep it. 5) He speaks too fast to be understood. Simple Present and Past Simple Present Simple and Past Simple to be Complete the sentences with am, is, was, or were. Where ____________ Paul today? Kenny ____________ in Japan last month. Joseph ____________ not present at the moment. ____________ the boys in school last week? Could he read when he ______________ one year old ? Rewrite the passage with the right form of the verb. I (go) to the cinema last night. What film (you-see) ? I (see) The Lord of The Rings . Really? (you-like) it? It (be) really fantastic. I

The Advantages Of Primary Health Care

The Advantages Of Primary Health Care Primary health care is a vital function of an society acting as backbone. India was one of the first countries to recognize the advantages of Primary Health Care (PHC). PHC was conceptualized in 1946 when Sir Joseph Bhore committee made recommendations that formed the foundation stone for health service in India. Recommendations:- Integration of preventive and curative services at all administrative levels. Short term Primary Health Centers for every 40,000 population. Long Term- Primary Health Centers per 10,000-20,000 population to have 75 beds. Formation of Village health committee Provision of Social Doctor Three months training in preventive and social medicine to prepare social physicians. First Five Year plan (1951-1955) Community Development Program launched, 1952 keeping in eye 80% population lived in rural areas. Each Community Development Block (CDB) formation approximately 100 villages with a total population of one lakh. For one CDB, one Primary Health Centre was created. Second Five Year plan (1956-61) Health Survey and Planning Committee, The Mudaliar Committee, had to review the progress made in the health sector after submission of Bhore committee report. The major recommendation:- To limit the population served by primary health centres to 40,000 Improvement in the quality of health care provided by these centers. Provision of one basic health worker per 10,000 populations was recommended. The Jungalwalla Committee 1967 Highlighted importance of integration of health services. Integrated health services were defined as a service with a unified approach for all problems instead of a segmented approach for all different problems. The committee recommended integration from the highest to lowest level in the services, organization and personnel. The Kartar Singh Committee on Multipurpose workers 1973 Laid down the norms about health workers ensuring proper coverage one primary health centre to be established for every 50,000 population Each primary health centre to be divided into 16 sub-centres each for a population of 3,000 to 3,500. Each sub-centre to be staffed by a team of one male and one female health worker. The work of 3-4 health workers to be supervised by one health assistant. Major Goals to be acheived by National health Policy 2002 Eradicate Polio and Yaws Eliminate Leprosy Eliminate Kala Azar Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis Achieve zero level growth of HIV/AIDS Reduce mortality by 50% on account of TB, Malaria, other vector and water borne diseases Reduce prevalence of blindness to 0.5% Reduce IMR 30/1000 and MMR 100/lakh Increase utilization of public health facilities from 75% Establish an integrated system of surveillance, national health accounts and health statistics Increase health expenditure by Govt. as a % of GDP from existing 0.9% to 2% Increase share of central grants to constitute at least 25% of total health spending Legal Framework Insurance act, 1938 came into effect from 1st july 1939 (Amended in 1950, 1999). Contains provision regarding licensing of agents and their remunerations, prohibition of rebates and protection of policy holders interest. IRDA Act 1999, IRDA responsible for the administration of the insurance act. Power to register insurance companies. Monitor and certify terms of business. Inspect documents of insurers Adjudicating disputes between insurers and intermediaries. Decide on dipute related to settlement of claim. Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 for LIC only which was later on ceased on amendment of Insurance act 1999. Consumer protection Act 1986 (COPA) ensures that consumers of policies can approach any of the listed organization in the act for redress in case he is not satisfied with the goods or services provided. Income Tax Act : The premium paid is deducted under Section 80 D of the ITA. MRTP Act 1969 (Monopoly and restrictive trade Practices act) Controls concentration of economic power in one hand Restricts monopoly in the market Employees State insurance act, 1948 Treatment rcvd benefits Benefits not received Eligibility Central Government health Scheme (CGHS) addresses consumer complaints. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 addresses all complaints and demand for compensation. Indian Contract Act 1872 for Breach of contract Deficiency in services Damages Dispute of facts Negligence Drugs control act (1950) and Indian Medical council act (1956) Literature Review Health Policy Challenges of India: private health Insurance lessons from the International Experience by Ajay Mahal The research concentrates on Regular development of Health Services in India and persisting challenges which are growing at the same pace. The are of study concentrates on United states, united Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Israel. The research focuses on the health care system in Canada and appreciates the control methods used for services. The research findings are highlighted as: Patient satisfaction and Quality of care How to reconcile the need for choice among providers with cost containment. Reconciliation of consumer choice with equity. The study concentrates on the cost factor in the consumers mind and how the governments of these countries are trying to achieve the balance. Too much specialties and more supply of doctors may increase the cost of care. While conducting the study it was not taken into account that Health services have a long term impact. The study considers the short term impact which is seen by the consumer and drives him to the product. Health Insurance in India Prognosis and prospectus by Randall P Ellis, Moneer Alam, Indrani Gupta. Corroborating evidence that the system is disproportionately private is the estimate that 80 per cent of all registered allopathic physicians are private [Uplekar and George 1994, p 10]. An even higher estimate for the private sector appears in a report of the Planning Commissions Working Group on Health Management and Financing which estimated that household expenditures on treatment may be as much as 8.4 per cent of GDP versus public spending of only 1.1 per cent of GDP (Planning commission report 1996) In recent years nominal user fees have been charged at government facilities in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Punjab and Karnataka. These fees remain low in comparison to both private fees and the unofficial payments which are still made at most public facilities in these states and in other parts of the country. Nonetheless, these efforts at cost recovery remain in important initiative for improving incentives, decentralizing some spending authority and augmenting resources at public health facilities. The life insurance companies in India have relied on actuarial methods and life tables for fixing premia. The employment of rigorous procedures for the fixation of premia was not possible owing to paucity of the epidemiological data cross-classified by region and major socioeconomic class. The GIC and its subsidiaries do not have the option of estimating probabilities associated with the vulnerability of individuals to various diseases. Hence, they have relied mainly on simplified procedures based on the information available to them from the policy documents and the claims register. Recently, however, the GIC introduced a differential system for setting premia for its Mediclaim policies which adjusts for health expenditure differences as between five age groups. Information has also been collected for differences in claims rates by age, sex, rural/urban, habitat, occupation, and income groups. The age dimension, however, remains the only criterion being used by the GIC for adjusting premia. Inter Regional Inequality Facility Health Insurance for the poor, India by Rajeev Ahuja, Senior Fellow Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) The series of Policy Briefs summarizes the experiences of Government initiatives aimed at addressing inequality in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The study concentrates on some of the initiatives and suggests some key learning for success of health insurance for individuals and families on low- incomes. Provision of healthcare services of a reasonable quality; Possibility of resource mobilization from the targeted population in order to recover costs. Presence of intermediary agency to overcome the informational disadvantages and high transaction costs involved in providing insurance to low-income groups. A Healthier future for India by Rajat Gupta (The McKinsey Quarterly, Jan 2008) The report speaks about acting on three fronts: A series of policy reforms needed to provide subsidized health insurance for the country citizens. Innovation in products. Today most of them offer only limited services. Regulatory environment which recognizes health insurance as separate business and not part of the insurance industry. It is essential for the growth of the sector. Health Insurance in India by K. Sujatha Rao Secretary, National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, GOI. The present system of financing and payment systems raise several important concerns on the suitability of the structure to meet current day problems and future challenges. The large size of out of pocket expenditures provides an opportunity to pool these resources and facilitate spreading risk from households to government and employers on a shared basis which will be a more equitable financial arrangement. The dimension of equity is of particular concern as the inelasticitys of demand for acute care, are resulting in over 33 lakh persons being pushed below poverty line, every year. In short the social benefits of instituting social insurance as a financial instrument to replace user fees, outweighs the possible risks of moral hazard and increased costs, typical outcomes of prepaid insurance. How to minimize these two market failures are of concern and need to be addressed by developing a well thought out strategy taking international evidence into account so we build on existing kn owledge and learn from others experiences. It is argued that it is not advisable for governments to intervene in health insurance markets in a piecemeal manner-insurance for pensioners by the Department of Personnel; for weavers by the Department of Textiles, for fishermen by the Department of Agriculture, for farmers by the Department of Cooperatives, poor women by the Department of Rural Development etc., as such attempts fragment risk pools. In other words, resorting to insurance as a financing instrument must be an act of a deliberate strategy that addresses the market failures in order to ensure that inequities do not widen and the poor are not marginalized two typical outcomes of private, fragmented insurance systems In conclusion it is reiterated that given the fiscal constraints for government to provide universal access to free health care, insurance can be an important means of mobilizing resources, providing risk protection and achieving improved health outcomes. The crit ical need is to experiment with the wide range of financing instruments available in different scenarios and have adequate flexibility in the design features, the structures and processes, institutional mechanisms and regulatory frameworks, so that a viable balance can be achieved for minimizing market distortions so that the outcomes do not make the cure worse than the disease (Enthoven 1983, 1993). Unregulated markets are inefficient and inequitable, requiring governments to intervene to ensure no segmentation in the system (Bloom, 2001). For this, the burden of building partnerships and managing change is on the government, which in turn needs to base its strategy on sound research. Community Health Insurance in India- An overview by N Devadasan, Kent Ranson, Wim Van Damme, Bart Criel The objectives range from providing low cost health care to protecting the households from high hospitalisation costs. BAIF, DHAN, Navsarjan Trust and RAHA explicitly state that the health in surance scheme was developed to prevent the individual member from bearing the financial burden of hospitalisation. Healthinsurance was also seen by some organisations as a method of encouraging participation by the community in their own healthcare. And finally, especially the more activist organizations (ACCORD, RAHA) used community health insurance as a measure to increase solidarity among its members one for all and all for one. Health Care in India Emerging market report, 2007 (PWC) A growing healthcare sector Healthcare is one of Indias largest sectors, in terms of revenue and employment, and the sector is expanding rapidly. During the 1990s, Indian healthcare grew at a compound annual rate of 16%. Today the total value of the sector is more than $34 billion. This translates to $34 per capita or roughly 6% of GDP. By 2012, Indias healthcare sector is projected to grow to nearly $40 billion. The private sector accounts for more than 80% of total healthcare spending in India. Unless there is a decline in the combined federal and state government deficit, which currently stands at roughly 9%, the opportunity for significantly higher public health spending will be limited. One driver of growth in the healthcare sector is Indias booming population, currently 1.1 billion and increasing at a 2% annual rate. By 2030, India is expected to surpass China as the worlds most populous nation. By 2050, the population is projected to reach 1.6 billion. Government Health Expenditure of India: A benchmark study by Economic Research foundation, 2006 Health expenditure in India is dominated by Private spending. The study covers Pattern of health expenditure in India. House holds- 68.8 % External funding 14.4% Central Government 7.2% Firms 5.1% Others 4.7% Source: National Health account for India, 2001-2002 Absolute levels of total government spending on health, family welfare and child development are absurdly low by international standards, not only in per capita terms but also as share of GDP. Government spending on health amounts to less than 1 per cent of GDP. This has meant that a disproportionately large and growing share of the burden of health care has been borne by households in India, such that they account for an increasing share of total expenditure (nearly three-quarters in the most recent year for which data are available). Unlike many other countries, this is completely in the form of Out-of-pocket expenses, which are inherently regressive. Also, the share of household consumption expenditure devoted to health care has also been increasing over time, especially in rural areas where it now accounts for nearly 7 per cent of the household budget on average. Origin and Evolution of Primary Health care in India The study is about history of Health insurance in India Post-Independence. The paper starts with the Bhore committee report and follows on with major findings and suggestions of all the reports. The report also places some light on National Rural Health mission and its strategies. FICCI Health Insurance Report 2010 The report covers areas:- Promoting Quality Healthcare through Health Insurance Suggested standard format for provider bills Suggested discharge summary contents TPA/Insurer contract and concept on standardization of TPA hospital contract The report covers US healthcare industry and lay guideline for development of Indian healthcare industry on same patterns. Rise of health insurance in India Whats driving your revolution, Health conference, International Finance Corporation, April 20th 2007. The report covers the areas of healthcare financing in the country. It differentiates the growth factors and gives a 35% growth figure for last 5 years from the report date. It gives the 75-25 ratio of private and public health services. Research Objective To find out various factors influencing buying behavior towards health insurance product. To measure the relative weight age. To find out mutual correlation between factors and purchase decision by the consumers. Major Hypothesis H0 = Word of mouth is not the most effective advertisement for sale of health insurance products. H = Word of mouth is the most effective advertisement for sale of health insurance products. Research Methodology Descriptive method is used as research design. The research included Survey method as data collection tool. Sample Design:- 1. Target population Delhi working population in IT sector. Lower middle class Rural people who are employed as daily wages labour 2. Sample Size: 70 3. Sample Selection Simple random sampling The target population has been intentionally selected with a view to get data from a mix population. It will help in identifying the behavior of people from different economic class. Data Collection Secondary data source: Government bodies (National Health care report, Rural Health Policies, Budgetary provisions, UID program, etc) Private research bodies (McKenzie report on health insurance in India, PWC report, FICCI health insurance group report) Research paper published and presented in international seminars, journals and conferences. Primary data collection was done through filling up of questionnaire. Analysis tools used: SPSS and Excel DATA ANALYSIS No of respondents 70 and their distribution on the basis of yearly earnings. From the readings we have following findings: No. of Respondents in salary range less than 1lakh is of those people who are labours, daily wages workers, hawkers etc. No. of Respondents in salary range less than 2lakhs is of those people who are freshers, some old people who are working as Guards. No. of Respondents in salary range less than 3lakhs is of those people who are in IT enabled services and small time freelancers. No. of Respondents in salary range less than 4lakhs is of those people who are in IT field, BPO. No. of Respondents in salary range less than 5lakhs is of those people who are in IT field and Government employees. No. of Respondents in salary range less than 9lakhs but more than 5lakhs is of those people who are in IT field, Government service, Self employed. Do you have an Insurance Policy? The question was asked for General insurance policy and not specific to Health insurance only. The finding suggested that out of 70 respondents 55(79%) have insurance policy, 15 (21%) do not have insurance policy. Market Share of the organizations providing coverage on the basis of Respondents. The result is based on insurance policy owned by the respondents. Out of 70 respondents LIC has a share of 45%. ICICI Prudential Lombard has a share of 13% Kotak life has share of 6% followed by Max New York Life HDFC at 4% each. TATA AIG has a share of 3% Birla Sun Life has 2 %. Bajaj Allianz has 1%. 21% of the respondents do not have an insurance policy. Reason for buying Insurance Policy. The result is based on insurance policy and not health insurance policy in specific. The respondents were asked for the reason for buying policy when the bought it first time. Out of 70 respondents Tax saving 43% Security 23% Investment 10% Other 3% Do not have an insurance policy as they do not feel the need for an insurance policy 21 %. Which type of Policy do you have? The question was asked with the purpose to find the share of health insurance policy out of total insurance policy. The data is based on survey of 70 respondents. Traditional policy owners have 49%. ULIP policy owners 19% Health Insurance Pension plan at 4% Others 3% 21% of the respondents did not have an insurance policy. How did you come to know about the policy? The Question was asked in order to find out if word of mouth (Office/Family/Referrals) has a major share in insurance policy sales. The data is based on survey of 70 respondents. 21% of the respondents were influenced by Advertisement (Newspaper, Magazines, Internet, and Hoardings). 40% of the respondents were influenced by the Insurance Advisor. Family, friends, referrals have 12%. 6 % of the respondents were influenced by Kiosk, Directly from insurance office, direct calling, and Website sales. 4% of the respondents have other reasons. 21% of the respondents do not have insurance so they did not participate in the question. Factors influencing the purchase decision of the policy. The question was asked for the first insurance policy owned. The data is based on survey of 70 respondents. 33% of the respondents opted insurance for Savings(Tax Benefit) 17% of the respondents were influenced by advisors. 13% of the respondents have faith in there family, friend, relatives, colleagues. 6% of the respondents were influenced by advertisements. 9% of the respondents have taken policy as an investment option for long time. 21% of the respondents do not have an insurance policy. Do you have health benefit policy? The question was asked because if people do not have health insurance policy then what other options they have if any. The findings had a clear difference from the previous question findings which suggested only three respondents had health insurance policy. Out of 70 respondents 63% of the respondents said they have other form of health coverage. 37 % of the respondents did not have health insurance coverage. Name of the Source providing medical facilities. The Question was asked to find, what these other sources are. Out of 70 respondents surveyed 37% of the respondents have medical coverage from there office. 7% of the respondents are availing medical care and facilities through NGOs working in the area. 4% of the respondents use the charitable hospital or medicine shops(trust owned) to get the medical facilities. 19% of the respondents have others which is Government health insurance schemes at state level and Central level. 33% of the respondents did not had health insurance. If you buy a Second policy what are the factors which will influence your purchase decision. The question was asked to only 55 respondents and the data represents the same. 31 % of the respondents said they will look for new policy. 25% of the respondents said they will look for better services from there insurance provider. 9% of the respondents said that they would like to fill the gap left by there current policy. 15% of the respondents will depend on the inputs from there friends, relatives, colleagues, etc. Others have 20% of the share with different views. Technical factors responsible for effecting purchase decision The Question was asked to find out factors related to policy which influence buyers decision. Out of 70 respondents 48% of the respondents will look for Benefits from the Policy cover. 30% of the respondents will look for returns as they think it as safe investment. 20% of the respondents will look for the premium as per their pocket size. 2% of the respondents have other reasons.

Night by Elie Wiesel Essay -- Night Elie Wiesel Jews Nazi Genocide Es

Night by Elie Wiesel Nobody wants to read such a morbid book as Night. There isn’t anybody (other than the Nazis and Neo-Nazis) who enjoys reading about things like the tortures, the starvation, and the beatings that people went through in the concentration camps. Night is a horrible tale of murder and of man’s inhumanity towards man. We must, however, read these kinds of books regardless. It is an indefinitely depressing subject, but because of its truthfulness and genuine historic value, it is a story that we must learn, simply because it is important never to forget. As Robert McAfee Brown states in the preface of the memoir â€Å"the world has had to hear a story it would have preferred not to hear- the story of how a cultured people turned to genocide, and how the rest of the world, also composed of cultured people, remained silent in the face of genocide.† Elie Wiesel has paid much attention to an inner desire and need to serve humanity by illuminating the hate-darkened past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Night is a horrifying account of a Nazi death camp that turns Elie Wiesel from a young Jewish boy into a distressed and grief-stricken witness to the death of his family, the death of his friends, even the death of his own innocence and his faith in G-d. He saw his family, friends and fellow Jews first severely degraded and then sadistically murdered. He enters the camp a child and leaves a man. At the book’s end, Elie bears little resemblance to the teenage boy who left Sighet almost a year earlier. Night is a memoir exquisitely written. Wiesel’s eloquence makes his descriptions seem terrifyingly real and repulsive. It is a book about what the Holocaust did, not just to the Jews, but to humanity. People all over the world found themselves affected by this atrocious act. Even today, there are a number of survivors who are tormented by their experience every day of their lives. The Wiesel’s have, throughout the novel, several opportunities to escape Sighet as well as the camp itself, but they are stubborn in their beliefs and refuse to listen to the warnings. Moshe the Beadle, Elie’s mentor at the beginning of the novel, while Elie is still a deeply religious young man, manages to escape the Gestapo in Poland. He returns to Sighet to deliver his message and to try to warn people of the pending situation. The villagers, however, believe Moshe has lost his mind, find... ...e† was Elie’s body, but it had not only lost so many pounds to make him look like a walking skeleton, but he had been robbed of its soul as well. This is similar to the loss suffered by people all over the world. Although several survivors are still alive physically, their mind and spirit have long been dead, or at least a large part of it. Recovering his spirit, his personality, even his faith, is, when he is released, is the most difficult obstacle for Elie to overcome. Night tells the story of innocent victims. It is the story of people who were destroyed simply because they were Jews. These people had done nothing and yet were tortured, degraded and liquidated for no other reason other than their faith in the Jewish religion and their semitic â€Å"racial inferiority†. Wiesel is a witness to all the horrible things, and by reading his memoir we too, become witnesses. He is a spokesperson for all those who cannot bear to speak and to pass the message on to us, the next generation. We are the ones who are obliged to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive. We must take advantage of his eloquence and its importance, which is never to forget, in order never to let this happen again.

Bondage and Escape in Sons and Lovers :: Lawrence Sons and Lovers Essays

Bondage and Escape in Sons & Lovers A major theme in "Sons & Lovers" is bondage and escape. Every major character is held hostage by another character or by their environment. Her husband, her family and her anger at the family's social status hold Mrs. Morel hostage. She has no friends to be seen or money of her own to use. Her escape from her bondage is her death. She was unhappy her whole life and lived though another human as a source of happiness. She essentially lived her life through William and, after his death, through Paul, which in a twist of irony, by doing so she is essentially keeping them in bondage. She wants William to move to town to get a good job and a good wife to help up their social status. When he does move and bring home a woman, she thinks she has finally arrived, only to be pushed back down with his death. William, who found a good upper class woman with Lily, brings her back to his family's home. He loves Lily, until he sees her behavior to his sister; Lily treats Annie like a servant. Although his mother likes Lily, he cannot stay with her and soon leaves her and then falls ill and dies. William's death is his great escape from the bonds of his mother. When William dies Paul replaces him as Mrs. Morel's dummy; Paul leads his life as his mother wants him to, she keeps him in check, approves who he dates and even goes with him and speaks for him on his first job interview. The only thing redeeming Paul in this is that he knows that he is being tied down by his mother and is fighting a silent fight against her for his whole life. Although Mrs. Morel doesn't like Miriam, he keeps his relationship with her. Although Mrs. Morel doesn't want Paul to stay out late, on most occasions he breaks this rule also. The only thing that ever releases Paul from Mrs. Morel's grasp is her death. Mr. Morel's captivity is the most literal. He is held captive by the mine; every day he must work in the mine and the harder and longer he works, the more money he makes.

Chad Essay -- essays research papers

Chad Chad is one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world because of its climate, geographic location, and a lack of infrastructure and natural resources. It's main cash crop that is helping it's economy is cotton, which accounts for 48% of exports.1 The industry of Chad is mainly based on processing agricultural products. It is run by a republican government and it's legal system is based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law. The recent president is Idriss Deby and head of government is Prime Minister Joseph Yodoyman Chad had gained its independence from France on August 11, 1960. Its national holiday is held on the same day every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The geography of Chad is mostly pastures and meadows. Chad is located in Central Africa and is between the Central African Republic and Libya. The total area is 1,259,200 km2, and the land area is 1,259,200 km2.2 The total size in area of Chad is slightly more than three times the size of California. The land boundaries of Chad are; Cameroon (1,094 km), Central African Republic (1,197 km), Libya (1,055 km), Niger (1,175 km), Nigeria (87 km), and Sudan (1,360 km).3 All of these countries total to 5,968 km. Chad is landlocked which has no coastline. It has no marital claims. The disputes between Chad and other countries is that Libya claims and occupies the 100,000 km2 Aozou Strip in the far north. The year around climate is tropical in the south, and desert in the north. The terrain is broad, arid plains in the center, desert in the north, lowlands in the south and mountains in the northwest. The natural resources are petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, and fish. The land use consists of arable land (2%), permanent crops (0%), meadows and pastures (36%), forest and woodland (11%), and other (51%).4 The irrigated land used is 100km2. Its environment is hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in the north, drought and desertification affecting much of the south, and subject to plagues of locusts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of Chad rely on agriculture for survival. The total population is 5,350,971 people. The growth rate of the population is 2.13%. The birth rate is 42.21 births / 1,000 population. The death rate is 20.93 deaths / 1,000 population. The migration rate is 0% migrants / 1,000 population. Chad's death at infancy is at a great risk at 134 deaths ... ...s. The exchange rates are communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF per US $1 - 274.06 in January 1993, 264.69 in 1992, 282.11 in 1991, 272.26 in 1990, 319.01 in 1989, and 297.85 in 1988.8 Chad's fiscal year is a calendar year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The highways in Chad total to 31,322 km, 32 km bituminous, 7,300 km gravel and laterite, and the remainder is unimproved earth.9 Inland waterways are 2,000 km navigable. Airports total to 69. The usable airports total to 55. Permanent-surface runways total to 5 airports. The telecommunications department in Chad is a fair system of radio communication stations for intercity links; broadcast stations - 6am, 1fm, limited television service; many facilities are inoperative; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chad's defense forces consist of the branches, manpower, and defense expenditures. In the branches there is the Army and the Republican Guard. In the manpower availability males age from 15 to 49, total count is 1,246,617; fit for military service 647,908; reach military age is 20 and annually 52,870.10 In defense expenditures the exchange rate conversion is $58 million and 5.6% of GDP.

Love Is Not All, or Is It? Essay

Edna St. Vincent Millay, â€Å"Love is Not All† Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain; Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink And rise and sink and rise and sink again; 5Love can not fill thickened lung with breath, Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone; Yet many a man is making friends with death Even as I speak, for lack of love alone It well may be that in a difficult hour, 10 Pinned down by pain and moaning for release, Or nagged by want past resolution’s power, I might be driven to sell your love for peace, Or trade the memory of this night for food It well may be I do not think I would. Part I: Paraphrase the Poem. Love isn’t everything, it’s not food, beverages, sleep and it sure won’t act as a roof against the rain. Love cannot offer a sinking man in peril a life-saving â€Å"floating spar†. As he rises, he sinks, only to rise and sink again. Love cannot give the air we need to fill our â€Å"thickened lung†, it can not clean blood or heal broken bones. Yet for all the things love can’t do, a man without love is a man â€Å"making friends with death†. The lack of love alone in a difficult hour will pin you down by pain, whine for release or harass you by the power of past resolution’s. One might be driven to sell love for peace, trade their memories for a meal, but never give up love even if it was to release horrible pains or to get food to live. Part II: Scan the Poem. / = stressed syllable ^ = unstressed syllable = half-stressed syllable || = significant pause ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 1Love is not all: it is not meat nor drinkA ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 2Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;B ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 3Nor yet a floating spar to men that sinkA ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 4And rise and sink and rise and sink again;B ^ / | ^ /| ^ /| ^ / | ^ / | 5Love can not fill thickened lung with breath,C ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 6Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;D ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | 7Yet many a man is making friends with deathC ^ / | ^ / | / ^ | / ^ | ^ ^ / | 8Even as I speak, for lack of love aloneD ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / |^ / | || 9It well may be that in a difficult hour,E ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 10Pinned down by pain and moaning for release,F ^ / | ^ / | ^ /| ^ / | ^ /| || 11Or nagged by want past resolution’s power,E ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 12I might be driven to sell your love for peace,F ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | 13Or trade the memory of this night for foodG ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 14It well may be I do not think I would. G * Line 1-6 are composed with Iambic pentameters, which are ten syllables for each line in five Iambic pairs. * Line 7 is mostly Iambic with the last feet being Anapest. * Line 8 is the most complexe, the foot division are: Iamb, Iamb, Trochee, Trochee, Anapest. * Line 9-11 are composed with Iambic pentameters as well, line 9 and 11 both have a significant pause at the end. * Line 12 has 4 feet of Iamb and one feet of Anapest directly in the middle. * Line 13 has 4 feet of Iamb ended with a feet of Anapest. * Line 14 is a Iambic pentamerter. The Rhyme scheme is ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG. Part III: Write a Short Essay. Love is Not All, Or is It ? In Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet â€Å"Love is Not All’, the speaker depicts that love isn’t the most important thing in life, but you would do anything for it. In the first half, Millay declares that love is useless and unsubstantial to life’s requirement. The second half of the sonnet successfully outshines the previous half because although she has shown that love isn’t needed to live, Millay makes it clear that life isn’t worth living without it. Furthermore, love is not something that will help you physically; however, it always goes back to the fact that it’s the most influential and overpowering thing over you. Millay elaborates on the aspect of love, love can’t do everything, love can’t save a life, nor be a shelter or a doctor. Each section of the sonnet reflects a human need: food, shelter, health and emotion. Love cannot fill our stomach with â€Å"meat† (1) nor can it hydrate us, as illustrated by â€Å"drink† (1). Also, love will not regenerate a worn out man from â€Å"slumber† (2) and sure won’t offer shelter or a â€Å"roof against the rain†(2). Millay effectively shows that love is worthless on a physical level: as love can’t offer a man in peril a life saving â€Å"floating spar† (3), offer the precious air our lungs need to breathe, heal our body from illness nor â€Å"clean the blood† (6) or fix the broken bones. Millay writes: â€Å"I might be driven to sell your love for peace / Or trade the memory of this night for food† (12-13), to produce a scenario in which she is forced to choose between love and life. The imagery you imagine reading this sonnet is very concrete, even spine-tingling at times; therefore, far from the sweet sentimental ones normally associated with love sonnets. Love, as described by Millay, seems almost as if it’s worth nothing. For all the things that love cannot do, the author insists that we still need love to live. Millay makes it evident when she writes: â€Å"Yet many a man is making friends with death / Even as I speak, for lack of love alone† (7-8), trying to give her readers the point of view that men can die without love. A lovelorn man is closer to death. Line eight really changes the direction of this sonnet because at first, Millay’s definition of love was worthless and now the reader notices that she starts restoring the significant importance of love. The next lines begin with â€Å"It well may be† (9), which introduces the reader to a hypothetical situation being â€Å"Pinned down by pain and moaning for release / Or nagged by want past resolution’s power† (10-11). These two lines influence how the reader portrays love because nothing is more important, then filling that hole in our heart when love is missing. At the end of the sonnet, Millay offers a plausible solution to fill her human needs as she â€Å"might be driven to sell your love for peace† (12) for it would release her from the horrible pains. She might â€Å"trade the memory of this night for food† (13) to feed her starving stomach. For all that love is, Millay reveals everything when she writes: â€Å"It well may be I do not think I would† (14) meaning that love is not all, but she would rather be dead than not have it. What exactly is love? It is the hardest emotion to control, one does not simply choose whom to love, it just happens. Love’s not something you can see or touch, but you are well aware when love touches you. Love is not all, it doesn’t answer to life’s requirements; however, love is indispensable to meet those requirements and live peacefully. While reading Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet â€Å"Love is Not All† the reader realizes that love is so powerful and rewarding. In an attempt to bring agreement between love and life, Millay chooses love because life is nothing without love. Work Cited Edna St. Vincent Millay, â€Å"Love is Not All† (456)

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Essay

At first, I disagree with this statement. I think Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is universally appropriate or applicable to all businesses. Customer relationship management refers to a series of processes, focused on initiating two-way communication exchanges with customers to have a detailed knowledge of their specific needs and buying patterns. The major benefit of a CRM system is that it helps business organizations in determining the type of customer best suited for the growth of their business. CRM enables business organizations to formulate strategies focusing on customer-driven growth and in providing superior and friendly customer experience There are four advantages of CRM that businesses should implement this strategy. * Customer Satisfaction By implementing CRM strategies, the company can focus on improving customer satisfaction through examination of customer preferences, demographics and interests. This information may be collected through automated surveys or personal phone calls from customer service representatives. Customer research may be performed to discover the reasons why one product is more popular than another. Customers typically enjoy the attention they receive and the interest in their happiness and satisfaction with the product, and the data that is collected can help the company produce better products and services in the future, contributing to improved customer satisfaction. This also improves customer retention over the long run. * Marketing The data that is collected through customer research can provide ideas for marketing and advertising for a big business. With many products or services to market, a large company may have difficulty targeting different customers for each item. However, customer research will provide information about what the customer likes about the product, what they are looking for in future products, and what purpose they would like the product to serve. All of this information provides great content for print or commercial advertisements and packaging designs for each product. * Lowered Costs By automating customer service with CRM software, the company can easily gain customer research through online or telephone surveys. The software automatically formats and calculates the data, making it faster and easier to collect this information. Fewer customer service representatives will be needed for collecting this information and less time will be spent preparing reports on customer research. Another advantage is word-of-mouth advertising from satisfied customers; as CRM strategies make customers happier, they become more likely to bring in new customers through word-of-mouth, which lowers the cost of finding a new customer. * Brand Image As customer satisfaction and retention improves, the corporation’s brand image may begin to improve as well. Customers will begin to associate the brand with good customer service, quality products and a personable approach. The CRM strategy’s focus on the customer will let each buyer know that their input is valued by the company. This can attract more customers and continue to create loyal customers to the brand. There is an example about effective implement of CRM. ICICI Bank has to manage more than 13 million customers. The bank has over 550 branches, a network of 2025 ATMs, multiple call centres, Internet banking and mobile banking. Its customers often use multiple channels, and they are increasingly turning to electronic banking options. Business from the Internet. ATMs and other electronic channels now comprise more than 50 per cent of all transactions. In the process of making its business grow to this level, ICICI Bank has distinguished itself from other banks through its relationship with customers. The Teradata solution focuses on a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) platform. Information from various legacy and transaction systems is fed into a single enterprise called wide data warehouse. This allows the bank to generate a single view of its customers. The warehouse has the capability to integrate data from multiple sources comprising Oracle and flat files. The Behaviour Explorer enables profiling of customers and querying on various parameters. These enable the bank staff create suitable campaigns for targeting individual customers on the basis of their requirements. To sum up, CRM is one of the best ways of determining the marketing strategies and other services offered to the customer. A well planned CRM can help organizations predict the current trend in the market and provide better services for customers befitting the trend, in turn increasing the business returns. The three major aspects of CRM are an operational system, a collaborative CRM and an analytical CRM. The customer relationship management concepts adopted by each company differ with their organizational objectives. There are 3 challenges of implementing CRM. * Costs One of the biggest challenges facing companies trying to implement CRM is the cost associated with purchasing, installing and training employees to use new software, according to CRMInfoline.com. CRM often doesn’t deliver the return of investment that companies hope for, though this is typically the cause of a poorly implemented system or poorly trained staff. While a properly implemented system should, eventually, show a good return on investment, CRMInfoline.com claims these results could take years to see in full effect as the new system takes root and customer awareness and participation grow. * Transition In order for a business to use a CRM solution properly, nearly the entire business will have to change. Most companies operate on an â€Å"us first, customers second† mentality, whereas CRM-centric businesses focus on placing customers and their satisfaction before the company. Furthermore, CRM systems are typically very complex and span multiple departments, meaning most employees will have to go through some sort of training that will inhibit them, at least somewhat, from performing their normal work duties. * In-House Versus Supported System Supported systems are CRM solutions that are taken care of or outsourced to another company. While in-house CRM software can be more effective, it’s much more difficult to implement. Companies without any current CRM implementation should consider supported systems more than companies with at least some current level of CRM, according to TMCNet.com. Supported systems typically cost less to implement because they’re not as in-depth or effective as in-house solutions. Jollibee is a phenomenal success story, having grown from two ice cream parlours in 1975 to over 1,800 restaurants worldwide today, including the strategic acquisitions of high profile brands like Greenwich Pizza, Deli France, Red Ribbon and Chow King. The company now operates 300 international outlets in markets in the United States, across Asia and throughout the Middle East. The big business like Jollibee must implement complete and effective CRM strategy. * Form a cross-organizational team. A cross-organizational, or cross-functional team, is made up of leaders from each core department in Jollibee. Representatives usually include at least one member from sales, service, marketing, support, management, IT, finance, and any other functional area in Jollibee. * Jollibee should decide what project goals to begin with (customer acquisition, sales growth, service improvement, or something else). Once goals are laid out, phases for installation of CRM can begin. This includes technology and software implementation led by IT, communication of new roles and responsibilities in each department, and implementation of training and rewards programs. * Provide training. Employees in many functional areas, including, service and support, are likely going to be using new technology devices or software solutions for customer accounts, data collection, customer service, data analysis and other CRM functions. This often requires training on philosophy behind the new system and CRM role as well as technical training on the technology applications. * Measure results. CRM fails without constant measurement. By definition, CRM programs are ongoing and design to improve over time. Feedback and data collected during CRM projects and phases should be analysed, evaluated, and reacted to by the cross-organizational leadership team. Decisions on how to improve the customer experience, behaviours of employees, and any other important components of CRM help guide the next project phases or phases. With CRM systems, Jollibee can streamline their business processes effectively and in accordance with customer needs. Customer Relationship Management software is employed by Jollibee to manage and organize their customer database and contacts. Proper customer relationship management solutions are necessary for any business firm to empower their staff, to expand their business and to provide quality customer care services. Task 2 There are 5 possible negative impacts caused by heavy-use of sales promotions. 1. Increased price sensitivity Consumers wait for the promotion deals to be announced and then purchase the product. This is true even for brands where brand loyalty exists. Customers wait and time their purchases to coincide with promotional offers on their preferred brands. Thus, the routine sales at the market price are lost and the profit margin is reduced because of the discounts to be offered during sale-season. 2. Quality image may become tarnished If the promotions in a product category have been rare, the promotions could have a negative effect about its quality image. Consumers may start suspecting that perhaps the product has not been selling well, the quality of the product is true compared to the price or the product is likely to be discontinued because it has become outdated. The Smyle Powder offer of â€Å"Buy 1 and get 2 free† went on and on. Ultimately people stopped asking for the product as the on-going sales promotion strategy made the customers perceive it to be a cheap and an inferior product. 3. Merchandising support from dealers is doubtful In many cases, the dealers do not cooperate in providing the merchandising support nor do they pass on any benefit to consumers. The retailer might not be willing to give support because he does not have the place, or the product does not sell much in his shop, or maybe he thinks the effort required is more than the commission/benefit derived. 4. Short-term orientation Sales promotions are generally for a short duration. This gives a boost to sales for a short period. This short-term orientation may sometimes have negative effects on long-term future of the organization. Promotions mostly build short-term sales volume, which is difficult to maintain. Heavy use of sales promotion, in certain product categories, may be responsible for causing brand quality image dilution. 5. Harmful Effect of Band image If a brand is perceived by consumers as being a value rather than premium brand, it is more likely to receive the most benefit from a price-based sales promotion. However, overuse of price-based sales promotions for any brand can have devastating effects on the brand’s image. This is particularly true for premium and super-premium brands or products and services in which the consumer has difficulty judging product quality in other ways, such as legal services or vitamins. The objective behind sales promotional tools is to keep current customers while attracting new ones, maintaining sales of seasonal products, introducing new products and challenging competitors. The essence of sales promotion involves using all forms of promotional activities, besides personal selling and advertising, to improve sales. In order to gain a strong foothold in the Malaysian market, Jollibee need effective sales promotional tools to fight its competitor. Coupons Coupons are one sales promotional tool. Customers get coupons in several ways, including via newspapers, magazines, online or mail. Customers present coupons to the retailer while buying merchandise in order to receive a discount or free product. For example, a customer of Jollibee use a coupon which takes 50 per cent off a set of meal costing $10, he saves $5. Bonus Offers Bonus offers or gifts with purchase are widely used promotional tools. When customers purchase a product, sometimes a bonus product is given along with it. The purpose is to increase the sale of the product and to make it more attractive by offering an additional item. When customers spent up to $20, he will get a free ice cream. Free Samples Another popular promotional tool is the free sample. When a customer is in the store purchasing certain products, he may receive a free sample of deodorant, shampoo, energy drinks food or candy. Usually, free samples don’t require the customer to purchase anything. Free samples can be given to a particular target audience in order to attract that type of customer. Jollibee can put new product as free samples to get feedback. Premiums Premiums are extras added to sweeten a purchase for a customer. For example, a software company might add a year of free technical support for a customer who buys an expensive software program. Jollibee can offer special toys in their children meals. Offering premiums gives a business owner the opportunity to partner with complementary businesses, creating a wider target audience. This premium creates a win-win situation for everyone involved. It provides a demonstration to potential customers uses referrals to introduce the companies to potential customers and provides a free, useful gift to existing customers. Mystery Rewards Scratch-and-win cards or raffles for prizes are other popular promotional tools. The key is this mystery reward has enough attraction to attract customers. Popular food and unique gift will be work. Money Back Offers When customers doubt the quality or reliability of Jollibee, offer a money-back guarantee. Give a detailed explanation of eligible returns and refunds available for customer reference. Point of Purchase Displays Point of purchase displays is used in Jollibee to catch the attention of customers. The selected products may be sale items but may also be seasonal or high-demand merchandise. The displays are built in a prominent location such as on an aisle end or at the front of the store near the entrance. Jollibee may also place signs at the product’s normal shelf locations. Sales A sale is a reduction in the price of a product for a specified period of time. Sales are used by manufacturers to gain new users or to increase market share. They also generate traffic in a retail establishment. Sales can result in off-season purchases that normally would not occur, such as Jollibee offer special food at 50 per cent off in Malaysia festivals. Besides, some points about sales promotion are important. A sales promotion constructed to inform customers about a new product might include an advertisement in a local paper explaining the product and inviting customers to visit a Web site for a coupon offer. An activity like this can be measured by tracking the number of people who receive the paper, the number of people who visit the Web site, the number of people who download the coupon and the number of people who actually use the coupon. Reminding customers about a product or service is just as important as an initial product introduction. Something as simple as setting up an in-store display with coupons or having customers complete a survey to indicate how often they use the product keeps brands fresh in consumers’ minds. Information gathered from the survey can expose how often customers use a product, how familiar they are with a product and if they plan to use it more in the future. Couple this with a discount coupon and Jollibee can even track the number of people who make a purchase after completing the survey. A follow-up survey can assess things like customer satisfaction and likelihood for a repeat purchase. Sales promotions are a great way to inform and remind customers about Jollibee. Ultimately, the main objective of these activities is to increase revenue. Weigh the cost of promotional sales campaign against the total revenue Jollibee expect to receive. Consider that many companies are spending up to 60 per cent of advertising budgets on sales promotions. Be sure that Jollibee’s promotional campaign is both cost-effective and profitable. These sales promotion techniques can help Jollibee gain a strong foothold in the Malaysian market. References 1. Why Customer Relationship Management is so important? (2008) By Article Alley [online] Available from http://praveenortec.articlealley.com/why-customer-relationship-management-is-so-important-576369.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 2. Challenges of Implementing a CRM (2010) By Matt Koble [online] Available from http://www.ehow.com/list_6631188_challenges-implementing-crm.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 3. Tools of Sales Promotion (2005) By Chris Joseph [online] Available from http://www.ehow.com/list_6073558_tools-sales-promotion.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013] 4. Disadvantages of Sales Promotion (2008) By Drypen [online] Available from http://drypen.in/sales-promotion/disadvantages-of-sales-promotion.html [Accessed on 12 Jan 2013]