Kenya :: essays research papers

Kenya      Kenya is a republic of East Africa. It is flanked by the Indian Ocean on the southeast. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. It is situated in the south focal piece of the nation. It has a populace of 1.5 million. The National Musum of Kenya, the National Theater and the University of Nairobi are in the city. Kenya has a damp sort of atmosphere with little temperature variety from month to month. The normal yearly temperature along the coast is 27 degrees celcius, however in Kenya Highlands it is just 14 degrees celcius. Around three-fourths of Kenya recieves under 500ml of downpour a year. Most downpour fall happens during the â€Å"long rains† from March to May.      Kenya’s populace is isolated by language and culture into in excess of 40 diverse ethnic gatherings. The biggest gathering is the Kikuyu which makes up 12 percent of the populace and is Bantu talking. Swahili turned into the offical language of Kenya in 1974. It is linguistically a Bantu language despite the fact that it is intensely affected of the populace and is Bantu talking. Swahili turned into the offical language of Kenya in 1974. It is syntactically a Bantu language despite the fact that it is intensely affected by Arabic and is composed with the Roman letters in order. English is likewise an official language is still broadly utilized.      Kenya has no official religion. More than 50 percent of the populace is Christian. Additionally, a significant number of the individuals follow customary strict practices. The number of inhabitants in Kenya was evaluated to be around 27,000,000 of every 1994. 85 percent of the all out populace live in urban areas of Nairobi and Mombassa. Kenya has probably the most noteworthy pace of populace development on the planet. It is anticipated that the populace may arrive at 120 million continuously 2050. This quick pace of increment is because of the high birth rate and the low passing rate. The greater part of the populace is younger than fifteen. The fast populace development has set extraordinary strains on wellbeing offices and other social administrations, particularly in provincial zones.      The fundamental wellspring of salary for Kenya originates from horticulture. Espresso and tea are the most significant harvests. Together they represent roughly 50 percent of all forigien trade profit. Due to the quickly developing populace, Kenya currently imports huge amounts of food, praticularly wheat. Joblessness is high. Expecally in the urban territories.

Catholic Religion Against Birth Control Essay

Religion Against Birth Control The Catholic Church has had a prohibition on anti-conception medication from the most punctual days of the Bible. The catholics accept that contraception is completely off-base, and a grave sin. Conception prevention has been around at any rate since the hours of the old Greeks and Romans . During nowadays conception prevention came as creature skin condoms and different toxic substances to be utilized as spermicides (â€Å"Catholic Church Birth Control. â€Å"). Catholic devotees were advised to get each new conceived life as a blessing from God. The first ever referencing on prohibiting conception prevention is in the book of Genesis 8:8-10. The following notice on contraception being off-base is situated in the book of Deuteronomy 23:1 (â€Å"Catholic Church Birth Control. â€Å"). Catholic families were advised at that point to effectively look for in having the same number of kids as they can. The more kids that Catholic families have, the more Catholics there are to spread that lifestyle and to pay the church’s tithes. The boundary strategies for anti-conception medication, for example, the condom, the cervical top, the anti-conception medication pill and Depo Provera are thought to meddle with the demonstration of origination (â€Å"Epigee HOME. â€Å"). Keeping the egg from being treated by a sperm may thwart a womans pregnancy and stop the start of the pregnancy stage. Intentionally halting the joining of an egg and sperm is believed to be a transgression, consequently these types of contraception are not acknowledged. From that point forward Catholic pioneers have gotten irate about the Obama social insurance law which is driving Catholic schools, emergency clinics, and noble cause to purchase anti-conception medication pills, premature birth creating medications, and disinfection inclusion for their representatives (Obama versus Catholics: The War on Religious Freedom. ) Barack Obama and Kathleen Sebelius feel that the congregation isn't right, and that it should concede ladies access to contraception (maintain a strategic distance from pregnancy) in spite of their ethical restriction. The fight between the Catholic Church and the Obama organization has arrived in features today. As the congregation starts a battle against Obamas January twentieth Health and Human Services order that Catholic managers and protection organizations ought to give contraception, sanitization, and abortifacients to workers and customers (Obama versus Catholics: The War n Religious Freedom. â€Å") In administering, the Administration has thrown away the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, denying Catholics the Nation’s first and most key opportunity, that of strict freedom. Subsequently, except if the standard is upset, Catholics will be power to either damage their inner voices, or to drop wellbeing inclusion for their representatives. There is no war on strict opportunity; there is, in any case, a war on ladies and a joined exertion to deny us our privileges to reasonable and rise to treatment, under the camouflage of eligious opportunity. Regardless of whether we attempt to constrain the Catholic Church to offer a support that srikes on its principle in light of the fact that it’s a help we need, at that point we relinquish a sacrosanct opportunity. On the off chance that we are eager to leave opportunity for accomodation, at that point we have dismissed the genuine reason for which this nation was established. Works Cited â€Å"Catholic Church Birth Control. † Lisa Shea. Web. 18 Apr. 2012. .

Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates Free Essays

Presentation This report gives an assessment of the presentation of the exhibition of two U.K organizations that work in the style business with the goal of recognizing a reasonable takeover focus for Wilson Tan Associates. The report covers the budgetary exhibition of the two organizations based deciphered with regards to the business condition in which they work. We will compose a custom exposition test on Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The two organizations remembered for the report incorporate Supergroup Plc and Mulberry Plc. The investigation depends on the gathering articulation of money related situation as at 2011 and 2010 and the gathering pay explanation for the years finishing 2010 and 2011. The remainder of the report is composed as follows: area 2 spotlights on investigating the budgetary presentation of the two organizations according to their industry and financial condition; and segment 3 gives ends and proposals on which organization to dominate. Examination of the Performance of Supergroup Plc and Mulberry Plc Supplement 1 contains the proportions of the two organizations over the period 2010 and 2011. The proportions spread an assortment of territories including productivity, liquidity, the board effectiveness and long haul dissolvability. Gainfulness The capacity of an organization to produce an arrival on put capital is a basic factor in deciding the estimation of the organization. Productivity fills in as a proportion of the serious situation of an organization just as the nature of the administration (Penman, 2007; Robinson et al., 2009). It very well may be seen from informative supplement 1 that general benefit of Mulberry Plc is better than that of Supergroup Plc. Supergroup Plc understood a gross net revenue of 55.82% in 2011 up by 6% from its 2010 figure of 52.58%. In spite of this high proportion, of Mulberry Plc was high. The organization understood a gross net revenue of 65.4% in 2011 up 11% from its 2010 figure of 59.0%. The working overall revenue of Supergroup Plc was higher than that of Mulberry Plc for both 2011 and 201. Notwithstanding, Mulberry Plc understood a more prominent improvement in the working net revenue from 2010 to 2011. On the off chance that the organization proceeds with this soul it will before l ong beat Supergroup Plc. Regarding the net revenue, return on resources, and profit for value, Mulberry Plc beat Supergroup Plc. Likewise, Mulberry Plc saw a huge improvement in these proportions from 2010 to 2011 while Supergroup Plc saw a noteworthy decrease in these proportions over a similar period. As for gainfulness, the two organizations seem, by all accounts, to be beneficial. Be that as it may, the presentation of Mulberry Plc outperforms that of Supergroup Plc. The high productivity watched for these two organizations can be ascribed to positive advancements in the design business. In spite of the poor financial atmosphere, the U.K design industry is encountering a development in income. The U.K stays a significant producer of attire and great textures. The joined material and attire industry in the U.K is esteemed at ?8.5billion worth of merchandise. Retail deals in the style business in 2009 were roughly ?285billion. Fare deals added up to roughly ?7.3billion at manufacturer’s costs with the U.S.A, Japan, Russia, France, Italy the Middle East, Hong Kong and China being significant fare goals (Fashion United, 2011). Rising patterns in both fare and local deals clarify why organizations in the business are encountering expanding net revenues and degree of profitability as demonstrated by the proportions of Supergroup Plc and Mulberry Group Plc. Liquidity Liquidity gauges a firm’s capacity to meet its current money related commitments. It is a proportion of how well the firm can pay its momentary banks with its present resources without selling its non-current resources. All together words, liquidity gauges how rapidly the organization changes over resources into money (Myers and Brealey, 2002; Penman, 2007). Reference section 1 likewise presents liquidity proportions for Supergroup Plc and Mulberry Plc. It very well may be seen that Supergroup Plc has a superior liquidity position than Mulberry Plc. Supergroup Plc had a present proportion of 2.81 in 2011 up 1% from 2.79 in 2010. In actuality, Mulberry Plc had a present proportion of 1.62 in 2011 down 24% from 2010. The speedy proportion of Supergroup Plc was 1.59 in 2011 down 17% from 1.91 in 2010 contrasted with a brisk proportion of 0.97 for Mulberry plc in 2011 down 34% from 1.48 in 2010. Considering just the present and fast proportions, it tends to be seen that Supergroup plc can meet its present liabilities with its present resources better than Mulberry plc can do. The money proportion for the two organizations in 2011 was under 1.0 proposing that money and money counterparts are insufficient to meet current liabilities. This implies if the two organizations endure a record in the estimation of stock or an expansion in terrible obligations, they would be not able to meet their present liabilities with their present base of money and money counterparts. In general, the liquidity position for the two organizations is declining in spite of the fact that Supergroup Plc has all the earmarks of being showing improvement over Mulberry Plc. The breaking down liquidity for the two organizations can be credited to the current financial atmosphere. Bank loaning has declined altogether because of the worldwide money related emergency. Orchestrating an overdraft office has become progressively troublesome contrasted with what use to be the situation before the worldwide money related emergency. Declining liquidity also can be because of the consistent change in the design business. Garments stock becomes outdated too rapidly. This recommends moderate moving stock can result to liquidity requirements for organizations that work in the design business. The board Efficiency Effectiveness proportions are planned for seeing how well an organization deals with its exercises particularly how it productively deals with its advantages. Reference section 1 delineates various proficiency proportions for Supergoup Plc and Mulberry Plc. The stock turnover of Supergroup plc declined from by 36% from 3.13times in 2010 to 2.01times in 2011. Supergroup can turnover more stock than Mulberry plc who saw a decrease in stock turnover by 42% from 3.25times in 2010 to 1.88 occasions in 2011. The decrease in the occasions that stock is surrendered prompted an expansion in the quantity of days that stock is extraordinary by 56% from 117 days in 2010 to 182days in 2011 for Supergroup Plc and by 73 % from 112 days in 2010 to 194 days in 2011 for Mulberry Plc. This decrease in stock turnover for the two organizations assists with clarifying why the liquidity proportions declined. The two organizations have expanded the quantity of days that stock is held therefore expanding the likelihood that stock may get old and accordingly result to a crumbling in its worth. Undoubtedly, the administration of Supergroup Plc is progressively effective. The receivables turnover of Mulberry Plc in any case, is better than that of Supergroup Plc. Mulberry Plc can gather its extraordinary receivables quicker than Supergroup Plc can do. This is reflected in the lower number of days that its receivables stay exceptional contrasted with Mulberry Plc. The buys turnover of Supergroup Plc is higher than that of Mulberry Plc. What's more, the quantity of long stretches of payables of Supergroup Plc is higher than that of Mulberry Plc. This recommends Mulberry Plc is either defaulting on its installments or has a higher bartering control over its providers. The outcomes for Supergroup Plc recommend that it either has a lower dealing power or doesn't default on its momentary obligations. As far as Payables turnover and receivables turnover, Mulberry Plc outflanked Supergroup plc de monstrating that the administration of Mulberry plc is more proficient in dealing with its advantages than Supergroup plc. Taking a gander at the working capital, fixed resource, and all out resource turnover, it very well may be seen that the exhibition of Mulberry Plc was better than that of Supergroup plc. Long haul Solvency The dissolvability proportions demonstrate that Mulberry Plc is in a superior dissolvability position than Supergroup Plc. The organization has no drawn out obligation which makes its obligation to-value and obligation to-capital proportions equivalent to zero. Ends and Recommendations One can close from the above examination that Mulberry Plc performed better than Supergroup plc over the multi year time span under scrutiny. While Supergroup plc seems to have a superior liquidity position than Mulberry plc, Mulberry plc is increasingly beneficial, has a superior administration and is in a superior dissolvability position than Supergroup Plc. Given its increasingly effective administration, it can chip away at its liquidity position and improve in resulting years. In the light of these discoveries, this report considers Mulberry Plc a superior takeover target and in this manner suggests that the administration of Wilson, Tan Associates ought to consider setting a takeover offer for it. References Design United (2011) Facts and Figures in the UK style industry, accessible online at: http://www.fashionunited.co.uk/statistical data points in-the-uk-style industry, [accessed: first February 2012]. Myers, S. C. Brealey, R. A. (2002). Standards of Corporate Finance. seventh Edition McGraw-Hill. Penman, S. (2007) Financial Statements Analysis and Securities Valuation.3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill. Robinson, T. R., Greuning, J. H., Henry, E., Broihahn, M. A. (2009), â€Å"Financial Analysis Techniques† in Financial Reporting and Analysis, CFA Program Curriculum, vol. 3, Pearson Custom Publishing. Instructions to refer to Report to the Management of Wilson, Tan Associates, Essay models

Is The Marxist Distinction Between Scientific and Utopian Socialism Justified - Free Essay Example

To what extent, if any, is the Marxist distinction between scientific and utopian socialism justified? This essay will return to the writings of Marx to assess to what extent he drew a distinction between â€Å"scientific† and â€Å"utopian† socialism. The essay will construct a reading of Marx that suggests he did not draw a distinction between scientific socialism and utopian socialism. Marx and Engels adopted a scientific methodology and thus, they did not believe that a socialist/communist society is utopian. However, the scientific method objected to elements of utopian socialism, which assumed â€Å"socialism is the expression of absolute truth, reason and justice, and has only to be discovered to conquer all the world by virtue of its own power. And as an absolute truth is independent of time, space, and of the historical development of man† (Engels, on-line). In contrast, Marxists base their socialism on a dialectical process, where a socialist/communist society is the natural culmination of the historical process. The dialectical process, Engels argues, is scientific: â€Å"Nature is the proof of dialectics, and it must be said for modern science that it has furnished this proof with very rich materials increasingly daily† (Engels, on-line). Thus, Marxists view history as a universal, teleological and pre-destined process, where history is the process by which â€Å"the spectre of communism† is made actual. To understand Marx’s theory of history, and why he did not see a socialist/communist future as utopian but the culmination of a scientific process, it is important to elucidate Marx’s philosophy of science. The most important aspect of Marx’s philosophy of science for the purpose of this essay is to realise that â€Å"Marx thought that the human sciences and the natural sciences are governed by essentially the same methods† (Miller, 2000, p. 532). This means that the human sciences are predictable, measurable and observable in the same way as the natural sciences. However, in contrast, to traditional empiricists, Marx did not base prediction on clearly observable phenomenon; instead, he sought prediction by locating underlying causal structures (Miller, 2000, p. 532). This understanding of the human sciences and natural sciences led Marx to produce a theory of historical determinism, based on a dialectical historical materialism that constructed a communist society as both a scientific and utopi an future. Marx’s theory of history is derived from Hegel since he employs Hegel’s notion of history as a dialectical process. Goodwin argues that â€Å"Marx used the dialectical less technically and less insistently than Hegel, but [the dialectical] forms the basis of his conception of capitalism as ‘contradictory’ and ridden with class conflict† (Goodwin, 1997, p. 68). Therefore, the Hegelian influence on Marx cannot be overstated. However, as Hampsher-Monk notes there were two Hegelian outlooks at the time Marx was writing. One was conservative and attempted to show that the social/political status quo was rational and the historical process had been achieved; or, as Marx put it, it attempted to â€Å"turn philosophy inward† (Hampsher-Monk, 1992, p. 484). The second Hegelian outlook aimed to â€Å"turn philosophy outward† – that is to make what is currently an imperfect and irrational social reality conform to ration ality (Hampsher-Monk, 1992, p. 484). Employing a dialectical understanding of history, Marx argued that capitalism possessed contradictions, and history was a process that would turn this irrational society into a rational society. Marx argued that a communist society would resolve contradiction and thus the dialectical produces a pre-determined historical future in a communist society. Thus far, this essay has set out the dialectical process of history upon which Marx’s philosophy rests. It will now, explore the historical materialism that Marx argues drives the dialectical process. By marrying together a theory of historical materialism and dialectical determinism, it is possible to see how Marx understands how history would unfold, scientifically, into a communist society. Marx takes a scientific study of history and society, but rather than basing his conclusions on empirical and measurable findings, he premises his theory of history on causal structures. For Marx, â€Å"every form of society has been based†¦ on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 93). This theory of history links up to the Hegelian idea of a dialectical process that resolves contradiction by making the rational actual. First, though, this essay will sketch out Marx’s analysis of history up to the point he was writing, and how historical materialism had proceeded through various stages in world history. Marx constructs a history that is a narrative based on a structure, rather than a series of random events. For Marx, class is the structure upon which the narrative of history rests, â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 79). Marx argues that in previous stages of history, class was a complicated arrangement, but as the feudal system gave way to the capitalist system, the antagonism of the class system simplified. The cap italist system, for Marx, had led to society â€Å"splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 80). The Communist Manifesto, as Hampsher-Monk illustrates, is an â€Å"account of economic-historical development† (Hampsher-Monk, 1992, p. 515) which argues that revolutionary politics is necessary to complete the process.. According to Goodwin, Marx saw economic and technical innovation as the originator of all historical change, with the most recent example being the replacing of a feudal society with a capitalist society (Goodwin, 1997, p. 76). Marx’s theory is undoubtedly economic, with Hampsher-Monk arguing that Marx drew an analogy between economics and religion, where money was seen as a ‘jealous god’ (Hampsher-Monk, 1992, p. 496). This prioritising of money and economics explains why it is economic relations that are the base structu re in Marx’s philosophy. Thus, when economic relations change, it â€Å"entails a transformation of the socio-political superstructure† (Goodwin, 1997, p. 76). In essence, historical materialism is the idea that economics constitutes the base structure of society, and a transformation in the economic structure is a part of the dialectical process of history, where contradictions in economic and social relations clash, and a new society emerges. For the purposes of this paper, the most important point to draw out is that both historical materialism and the historical determinism of the dialectical process of history constitute a scientific theory in Marx’s philosophy. Marx argues that a socialist-communist society is not utopian, but part of the revolutionary process of the dialectical. It is now necessary to outline the â€Å"scientific† process by which capitalist society would collapse under its own contradictions, and be replaced by a socialis t-communist society. For Marx, the dialectical process behind history saw the bourgeois/capitalist system as the â€Å"last major stage before a fundamentally new political and economic order† (Held, 1996, p. 126). Marx’s scientific theory of history saw the capitalist order as, ultimately, succumbing to the socialist-communist order. Marx details how this would come about, and to understand this it is necessary to once again return to the idea of the dialectical process and contradictions. Held summarises Marx’s theory of the inevitability of revolutionary politics, by arguing that for Marx, capitalism was not a harmonious social order and the foundations of capitalism are undermined from within (Held, 1996, pp. 126-129). Thus, Marx argues that capitalism is undermined because of its contradictions, and the dialectical process requires the overthrow of the capitalist system. Marx’s theory of contradiction within capitalism is based on his asse rtion of historical materialism, and his notion of exploitation. Marx argues that history has always been a struggle between oppressed and oppressor; thus, if it possible to observe exploitation, an oppressor and an oppressed class within capitalism, then it follows that history has not resolved the dialectical process. Marx argues that capitalism does possess such a contradiction, since â€Å"property†¦ is based on the antagonism of capital and wage labour† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 97). Marx is, essentially, taking an objective, scientific look at the social-economic structure, arguing that it has not resolved class antagonism and therefore, the dialectical process is incomplete. Thus, for Marx, a socialist-communist revolution is not utopian, but a scientific ‘working-out’ of contradiction. To conclude Marx’s theory of history, it is necessary to now look at how he saw revolutionary politics overturning the capitalist order, and how he th ought a socialist-communist economic and social order would resolve the contradictions inherent in the capitalist order in order to produce a rational solution to the dialectical process. For Marx, revolution was inevitable, because revolution was the result of an antagonistic polarisation between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. The worsening conditions of the proletariat would automatically propel them into a revolutionary mind-set and into war with the bourgeoisie/capitalist class. This would lead to the proletariat revolution, which would wrestle power from one class to another. However, this final stage would require two phases. Firstly, revolution would lead to the â€Å"Dictatorship of the Proletariat†, and then the second phase would lead to â€Å"Proper Communism†. Taylor picks up on the homogenising and authoritarian streak in Marx’s communist vision. He wryly observes that Marx is claiming that he and The Communists were the ones who underst ood what was happening in the world, and when The Communists say they have no interests apart from those of the proletariat, they are assuming that â€Å"the proletariat would agree to have only the interests which Marx said it ought to have† (Taylor, 1985, p. 31). Marx concludes that the antagonism within the capitalist order is the result of the bourgeoisie’s exploitation of the capital of the proletariat; and, thus, the key to â€Å"The Communist programme was the abolition of private property† (Taylor, 1985, p. 31). This is critical to understanding that, for Marx, a socialist-communist society is not so much a Utopia, as a ‘working–out’ of the dialectical process. Marx’s scientific method to history rests on the notion that private property constitutes a contradiction within the capitalist order, and that the dialectical process will result in revolution to overthrow the capitalist order; therefore, a communist society is a scientific resolution necessity, rather than being a utopian ideal. Goodwin argues that Marx was â€Å"reluctant to offer any detailed picture of the communist utopia† (Goodwin, 1997, p.81). However, Marx had identified the contradiction within capitalism that would lead to its overthrow, namely the antagonism between capitalists and workers and the exploitation that lay at the heart of this. Therefore, the implication of Marx’s thought is that a socialist-communist utopia would find a means to eradicate class exploitation. As Goodwin says, Marx may not have laid down a â€Å"blueprint†, but â€Å"the formal characteristics of communist society are made clear in his works, as are the particular principles on which it would operate† (Goodwin, 1997, p.81). As indicated earlier, Marx argued that all history was the history of class struggles; therefore, a socialist-communist society would be classless. By eliminating the antagonisms of class, the c ontradictions of capitalism would be resolved, and the dialectical process of history would be rationally worked through. The elimination of class rests on the elimination of the capitalist means of production. Thus, â€Å"communism connotes the abolition of private property† (Goodwin, 1997, p.81). The â€Å"utopia† of communism-socialism is a classless society that has abolished private property. However, because of the historical materialism and dialectical process that underpins Marx’s theory, the communist â€Å"utopia† is also a scientific resolution to the contradictions within capitalism. It is the contradictions Engels within capitalism that will lead the dialectical process of history to produce a revolution that will usher in communism. Taylor puts this succinctly â€Å"dialectical materialism would compel men to live in Utopia whatever the promptings of their heart† (Taylor, 1985, p. 10). Despite arguing that Marx saw a social ist-communist society as the inevitable result of a scientific process, it should not be underestimated how revolutionary his vision was. Marx was a revolutionary thinker, and he was calling for an overturning of the capitalist system. This was not utopian, as it was not the dreams of a â€Å"good place†, a utopia. Instead, Marx saw a socialist-communist society, based on the abolition of private property, as the rational solution to the dialectical process of history. His work is polemical, and he does not conceal the radical and revolutionary aspects of his political thought. He argues that The Communists â€Å"openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible and overthrow of all existing social conditions† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 120). He goes on to say that â€Å"the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution† (Marx and Engels, 1985, p. 120). Given that Marx is unequivocally envisaging the ordering of an entirely different e conomic, social and political structure, his vision has a utopian element. However, Marx, himself, denied that his vision was utopian. Instead, he saw a communist society, as the scientifically determined and rational culmination of the dialectical. Engels argued that utopian socialists did not look to history and science: â€Å"not one of them appears as a representative of the interests of that proletariat which historical development had, in the meantime, produced† (Engels, on-line). However, the drawing of this distinction has limited value, since the scientific method is designed to construct a dialectical logic that argues that the socialist-communist â€Å"utopia† is something that must be realized. Bibliography Engels, Friedrich. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Retrieved March 6, 2015, from https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/index.htm Goodwin, Barbara (1997) Using Political Ideas (4th edition), John Wiley Sons, Chichester pp. 65 – 97. Hampsher-Monk, (1992). â€Å"Karl Marx† in A history of modern political thought: Major political thinkers from Hobbes to Marx, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford pp. 483 563. Held, David (1996) Models of Democracy (2nd edition), Polity Press, Cambridge pp. 121 – 154. Marx, Karl, Engels, Friedrich (1985) The Communist Manifesto, Penguin Classics, London. Miller, Richard W. (2000) â€Å"Marxist Philosophy of Science† in Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, London p. 532. Taylor, A. J. P. (1985) â€Å"Introduction† in The Communist Manifesto, Penguin Classics, London pp. 7 – 47.

Americ The Common Language Of America - 1152 Words

Views of America English is the common language in America, yet there are many people with different ethnic backgrounds who speak different languages and call the U.S. home. I can write a considerable list stating what the pros and cons of America are, but in simple terms, it’s complex and we’re not No. 1. Determining what makes America prominent depends on whom you’re asking. In my opinion, the United States isn’t the greatest country in the world anymore and that’s okay. Like every great nation, such as the Roman Empire, we have our peak and fall. The same applies in business, products, and technology. Imagine still having a AOL account. Jeez. Don’t misunderstand my views either, I’m patriotic and believe there’s benefits and infinite opportunities in America to this day. However, acknowledging America is no longer the greatest country in the world is the first step towards reconstructing the U.S. Since America’s education, healthcare, and overall life expectancy is ranked lower than other countries, I believe America needs to be pragmatic in recognizing the flaws essential for change successfully. Historically, America was founded on curiosity, freedom and opportunity. Essentially attracting numerous immigrants to abandon their native country for a piece of the â€Å"American Dream†. How is it that many American’s still can’t fully grasp or see the benefits offered in the U.S. Poor decisions? Laziness? Busy? Excuses? The System? Maybe a bit of everything and as a results,Show MoreRelatedHistorical Anyalysis Essay2125 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a common mistake that people make when concerning history. They make the mistake of assuming that history is what happened in the past, but history is much more than what happened in the past. History is formed from analyzing evidence from the past and making a connection. Many historians have different personal perspectives on history, and by using the historical method they can all draw conclusions as to what happened and advocate a theory. We find that history is much more than what happenedRead More African Minkisi and American Culture Essay6248 Words   |  25 Pagescenturies. The BaKongo, however, had probably long used minkisi before ethnographers and anthropologists ever recorded them. Minkisi are complex items that are used to heal and to harm people, and there is no equivalent term for nkisi in any European language. A seventeenth century Dutch geographer first wrote of the nkisi, and said that, â€Å"These Ethiopians [that is, the BaKongo] call moquisie [minkisi] everything in which resides, in their opinion, a secret and incomprehensible virtue to do them good

Poetry Is Not Just The Vision Of The Writer - 1036 Words

Poetry exists at a junction between language and state of mind. Poetry is not just the vision of the writer put to a page, meant to evoke and inspire readers. Poetry is thoughts concealed given breath—a story reflecting the interior landscape of the mind. Just as it can be a breath of air, poetry can grip the heart—the mind can be an awfully dark place. Within gothic poetry the horror and fears of the poet lie just beyond the words of the poem itself. The words are emotional viscera given form. Poetry is aesthetic and inspiring and its brevity extends it to forms beyond itself. The works of romantic poets have been recycled and reimagined as a result of our continued love affair with the ideas of the gothic and supernatural. The works of†¦show more content†¦Films, music, video games, opera, art, and comics are all belonging together within the same family. Each of these creative modes utilizes the gothic in new ways though they all give viewers the experience of the sublime. They continue to shock us out of the limits of our everyday lives with the possibility of things beyond reason and explanation, through the shape of awesome characters, terrifying scenes, and inexplicable and profound events. This literary movement continues to affect the creative world today because its deep connection to the surreal. This, when raised to the level of poetry, reveals the very essence of the genre: an expression of the range, gall, depth, and visceral power of the human imagination. Gothic literature itself owes much to its roots and to Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto—a story incorporating the supernatural, cursed lords, monks, princesses, romantic love, and gloomy castles, and other elements that essentially constitute the genre. In its second edition, titled A Gothic Story, Walpole’s novel consolidates the fanciful element medieval romance with the realism of the modern novel—finding an intermediary point that cr eated many other staple traits of gothic literature that would come to influence and draw the attention of many writers. â€Å"Like most terms denoting genre or periodization, ‘gothic’ is retrospective, coined in Britain after its referents had come to dominate the shelves of circulating libraries and the boards of the

Advocacy For Improving Health Care Essay Example For Students

Advocacy For Improving Health Care Essay Advocacy in Population Health One only has to look back at the history of nursing to see why advocacy in the area of health for the population is so important. Florence Nightingale fought for change in nursing. Her advocacy for improving health care ultimately changed how nurses were viewed in our country and in the world. She knew that advocating change in the health care system was the only way to improve it. According to Mislead (2016), Involvement in policy decisions and political process is an integral part of the nursing role because of our history, practice, education, and professional organizations. As Advanced Practice Registered Nurses, (APRN’s) we have an obligation to improve health care by first recognizing the problems that affect our healthcare systems and, advocating change. Only when APRN’s take an active role of advocacy and change utilizing policy process will notable changes occur in health reform. APRN’s that join nursing organizations and make contact with legislators and other elected officials will have an easier time getting policies changed using the political process. (Milstead 2016). Let’s look at a problem of increasing deaths from heart disease in NC and see how the policy process will affect the outcome. The first step is to identify the problem. The problem is the unacceptable number of deaths in NC from cardiovascular disease, the acceptable range is 161.5, and North Carolina’s rate is currently 229.6. (North Carolina State Center for Health statistics, 2015). Using the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model we will start to address this problem. The MAPP model was a joint project of the non –profit National Association of County and Ci. .t needs it the most, has change been achieved? The process for evaluation of this program should start at the beginning of this process, and can include several methods, the quantitative and qualitative methods, the evaluation process can be very daunting and must be performed completely and efficiently. he evaluation of the program should be presented to numerous audiences , and with multiple opportunities for others to learn about the evaluation report ( Milstead,2015 ).The report should also include guidelines for change and improvement .The evaluation process will also tell us if the program was successful or areas where improvement is needed. Using the Mapp method evaluation is ongoing and even when programs are successful, they are also evaluated for improvement. Our program would be deemed successful if our number of North Carolina residents who

Mean Girls Personality Theory Paper Essay Example

Mean Girls Personality Theory Paper Paper The movie that I decided to watch was mean girls. This movie is about a teenage girl who lived in Africa because her parents were doing research and then they had all moved to America. The girl’s name in the movie was Cady and she had never been home schooled before she moved to the United States of America. Her first couple of days was rocky but she eventually made friends with two art students by the name of Janis Ian and Damien, her new friends told her to be careful around the popular girls in school known as the plastics. One day while Cady was looking for her friends, a girl by the name of Regina George the main leader of the plastics wanted her to join their group because she thought she was really pretty. Cady becomes a part of the group, but Janis convinces her to get revenge on Regina George because of Janis’s personal experience with Regina. Cady declines on getting revenge until Regina George gets back with her ex-boyfriend Aaron Samuels who Cady liked and Regina claimed she would put in a good word for Cady. Cady then decided that she would get revenge on Regina, so the movie is basically showing how Cady evolved from a sweet girl into a typical teenage girl. The three theories that I decided to pick for this movie were Social Learning theory and Behaviorism. I chose social learning theory because the theory stated that an individual’s behavior will be influenced by the environment around them, and since Cady was around the plastics that always spread mean and vicious rumors she became one of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Girls Personality Theory Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Girls Personality Theory Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Girls Personality Theory Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I chose behaviorism because Skinner stated behavior is a response to the environment which would explain why Cady decided to get even with Regina because that is what Regina George would do. Another theory that I thought that was displayed in the movie would be Dollard and Miller’s learning process which consisted of five steps, those four steps would be drive, cue, response, reinforcement effect. Drive is defined as a promotion of a specific action. Social learning theory was a theory that Albert Bandura developed which explained how an individual’s behavior is influenced by the environment around them. There are four steps in the social learning theory. There are four ways that social learning can be developed and those four are attentional processes, retention processes, motor production, and motivational processes. The attention process just states that people are more likely to direct their attention on charismatic attractive models, to repeat the behavior. The retention process is remembering schemas for later to put into use. Motor production is a convert, abstract idea to appropriate action. The motivational processes just states that there is an acquisition process which is what people learn to do, and performance would be when a person actually performed. The experiment that Bandura performed to prove this theory was the Bobo doll study. The study consisted of three groups of children. One group was shown an aggressive adult model and was asked to physically and verbally attack the doll. The second group was shown a passive adult model and was told to ask passively, and the control group did not have an adult model. When the children were sent in a playroom to play with multiple toys that including the Bobo doll. The children that were shown the aggressive adult model appeared to be more aggressive towards the doll, and hit it with various objects such as pots, pans and dolls. There were various scenes in mean girls that displayed the social learning theory. One of the examples would be when Janis Ian cut out the breast part out of Regina’s George’s tank top, Regina George noticed that she was wearing a shirt with the breasts cut out, but she didn’t care and went around the school that way, the whole school seen her and began to duplicate her style because they seen that an attractive model was wearing her tank top that way. This is part of the social learning theory because it states that there are four characteristics and one of them was attentional which just stated that people are more likely to copy other’s actions because they are attractive models. There were several examples of this throughout the movie, at one point during the movie a girl said she had seen Regina George wearing army pants and flip flops so she went to get the exact outfit that Regina George had. Another one of the attention model would be when Regina George’s little sister was in the living room listening to milkshake and watching girls gone wild, and a girl on the television lifted up her shirt, so Regina George’s sister lifted her shirt up as if she was one of the girls in the girls gone wild video. There were two examples of motivation models in the movie. One example would be when Cady skipped health class on her second day with Janis and Ian because they told her too, and that Cady was their friend. This is an example because while narrating the movie she stated that the reason that she stayed with them and skipped class was because Janis said that they were friends and she was in no position to pass up friends. Another one of the same would be when Cady was a nice girl at the beginning f the film and did not understand why everybody disliked the plastics until her supposed friend, Regina George was kissing Aaron Samuels the guy that Cady liked, after this happened Cady decided that she would be catty just like Regina George and use similar tactics to get even with her for that. It was acquired when the plastics asked Cady to sit with them, but it was carried out (performance) when she actually did stuff to sabotage Regina George. Skinner’s definition of behavior state d that behavior is a response to the environment. Skinner also stated the two types of behavior which are operant and respondent. Operant is when behavior is elicited by a person, it is not an automatic response and it is not learned. Behavior can be altered but it depends on the consequences. Respondent behavior is when behavior is elicited by stimulus, it is an automatic response, and is a behavior that people cannot learn. Respondent behavior can be altered through conditioning. In the movie mean girls this was displayed when Cady finally went to school, so that she could make friends. She was a nice and respecting young lady until she became a part of the popular girls. Cady’s behavior throughout the movie changed because she learned the behavior by hanging out with the popular girls. Cady was not interested in getting revenge on Regina George until she told Regina George that she liked Aaron Samuels and Regina George decided that she wanted to resume their relationship. So, when Cady saw that Regina George took Aaron Samuels back, Cady decided that she would join Janis in getting revenge. She learned her behavior from the plastics and Janis Ian. But at the end her behavior changed back to how it was in the beginning when she was a nice respectable girl. Cady’s behavior changing throughout the movie is described as operant behavior. Since Cady was punished toward the end of the movie for claiming that she was responsible for writing the burn book she was grounded by her parents, and her teacher made her join Mathletes because she was failing her math class. Her parents were provided her with a punishment because she was misbehaving and was trying to correct her behavior so that she could be similar to the girl that they know before she started high school.

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War

Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War The United States went to war with Mexico in 1846. The war lasted for two years. By the end of the war, Mexico would lose almost half its territory to the US, including lands from Texas to California. The war was a key event in American History as it fulfilled its manifest destiny, encompassing land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific.   The Idea of Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, America was struck with the idea of manifest destiny: the belief that the country should span from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Two areas stood in Americas way of achieving this: the Oregon Territory which was occupied by both Great Britain and the US and western and southwestern lands which were owned by Mexico. Presidential candidate James K. Polk fully embraced manifest destiny, even running on the campaign slogan 5440 or Fight, referring to the northern latitude line to which he believed the American portion of the Oregon Territory should span. By 1846, the Oregon issue was settled with America. Great Britain agreed to set the border at the 49th parallel, a line that still stands today as the border between the US and Canada. However, the Mexican lands were considerably harder to attain. In 1845, the US had admitted Texas as a slave state after it had achieved independence from Mexico in 1836. While the Texans believed that their southern border should be at the Rio Grande River, Mexico claimed it should be at the Nueces River, further north. Texas Border Dispute Turns Violent Early in 1846, President Polk sent General Zachary Taylor and American troops to protect the disputed area between the two rivers. On April 25, 1846, a Mexican cavalry unit of 2000 men crossed the Rio Grande and ambushed an American unit of 70 men led by Captain Seth Thornton. Sixteen men were killed, and five were injured. Fifty men were taken prisoner. Polk took this as an opportunity to ask Congress to declare war against Mexico. As he stated, But now, after reiterated menaces, Mexico has passed the boundary of the United States, has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil. She has proclaimed that hostilities have commenced and that the two nations are now at war. Two days later, on May 13, 1846, Congress declared war. However, many questioned the necessity of the war, especially northerners who feared an increase in the power of slave states. Abraham Lincoln, then the representative from Illinois, became a vocal critic of the war and argued that it was unnecessary and unwarranted. War With Mexico In May 1846, General Taylor defended the Rio Grande and then led his troops from there to Monterrey, Mexico. He was able to capture this key city in September 1846. He was then told to hold his position with only 5,000 men while General Winfield Scott would lead an attack on Mexico City. Mexican General Santa Anna took advantage of this, and on February 23, 1847, near the Buena Vista Ranch met Taylor in battle with approximately 20,000 troops. After two fierce days of fighting, Santa Annas troops retreated. On March 9, 1847, General Winfield Scott landed at Veracruz, Mexico leading troops to invade southern Mexico. By September 1847, Mexico City fell to Scott and his troops. Meanwhile, starting in August 1846, General Stephen Kearnys troops were ordered to occupy New Mexico. He was able to take the territory without a fight. Upon his victory, his troops were divided in two so that some went to occupy California while others went to Mexico. In the meantime, Americans living in California revolted in what was called the Bear Flag Revolt. They claimed independence from Mexico and called themselves the California Republic. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Mexican War officially ended on February 2, 1848, when America and Mexico agreed to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. With this treaty, Mexico recognized Texas as independent and the Rio Grande as its southern border. In addition, through the Mexican Cession, America required land that included parts of present-day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Americas manifest destiny would be complete when in 1853, it completed the Gadsden Purchase for $10 million, an area that includes parts of New Mexico and Arizona. They were planning to use this area to complete the transcontinental railroad.

Evidence Based Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence Based Health - Essay Example The sample should be satisfactory in terms of size, representation of the whole population and relevance to the study. Selection of the wrong sample and sample size will lead to poor conclusions and results therefore leading to wrong implementation. The success of any research work depends highly on the selection of the participants and the participation level of the participants. The selection of the participants from those who were to join the university made the research a worthy activity to undertake. Participants selected should be from a group privy to the research outcome (Boyer, 1990, p34-37). The researcher selected participants from a vulnerable group. Though this was not a full representation of the group, the researcher was able to monitor the trends of the students as they continued with their studies. The research was aimed at investigating whether students’ anxieties and depressions increase after entering college, how much adverse life experiences lead to their increases, as well as the influence of adversity, depression and anxiety on test performance. The use of the sample data would enable the researcher establish the level of increase in the student depressions and anxiety and impacts on exam performance. However, the researcher should also have used the continuing students and those who had already completed their studies in order to reach at a conclusive decision and recommendations. The sample selected was to benefit from the research outcome as the recommendations made would impact their lives. The researcher ensured that the privacy of the students is maintained by use of questionnaires where the identity of the students was not to be revealed when answering them. The participants were briefed of the essence of the research but were not given the chance to state their position in participation. The participants were assured of confidentiality and anonymity. In my view,

Surveillance Security research assingment Essay

Surveillance Security research assingment - Essay Example Introduction In this global technological evolution of information systems, every organization protects the network by firewalls, intrusion detection systems and other dedicated hardware. The widespread implementation of these network defense equipments facilitated the organizations to be more secure. However, the other side of the picture demonstrates that it has also maximized opportunities for hackers to breach in the systems. Security is essential part of any computer network that is operational. Security measures are mandatory as ‘www.businessdictionary.com’ covers the basics and states it as â€Å"Prevention of and protection against assault, damage, fire, fraud, invasion of privacy, theft, unlawful entry, and other such occurrences caused by deliberate action†. Another definition in the context of network security stated as â€Å"Network security covers such issues as network communication privacy, information confidentiality and integrity over network, co ntrolled access to restricted network domains and sensitive information, and using the public network, such as Internet, for private communications †. Organizations spend enormous funds only for implementing advanced security devices and security applications The reason for doing large investments in order to protect networks is understandable as the impacts of security breaches are also equivalent. Security breaches related to data theft, hacking, unauthorized access etc. impacts on organizations reputation in the market as customer data is exposed to hackers, who can use it for many purposes for financial gain. Likewise, this will also lead in severe revenue loss. The current network of 1-Click Mobile Phones Ltd has only a firewall to combat all the threats. No internal access policies are implemented, no advanced security appliances are present, and no surveillance security framework is implemented. 1-Click Mobile Phones Ltd has recognized the importance of securing the net work and hence decided to equip the network with a surveillance security cameras and biometrics, advanced security appliances, wireless security and internal access policies. The objectives of this report are to identify and prevent Unauthorized Access, Monitoring Employee activities by surveillance, Monitoring critical server, database and equipments by surveillance and Preventing Wireless access. Although, advanced firewalls support packet-filtering technology to analyze every packet before granting access. Moreover, ‘computer security incident response teams’ are deployed to perform recovery whenever an incident generates on the network. Physical Infrastructure Policy The physical infrastructure policy will add surveillance security to the current network. There are no definitions available for video surveillance security apart from this one that states it, as â€Å"Intelligent Video Solution is a system of hardware and software that aids the security executives in performing their daily tasks. An intelligent video solution can be from a single manufacturer or it can be a compilation of components (both hardware and software) from a variety of manufacturers. The net end result is that it is the sum of all of its parts performing the tasks they were designed to do† (Elliott 2010). For the current network of 1-Click Mobile Phones Ltd, a cost effective network video recording surveillance solution s required. The ‘VS-8024 VioStor NVR (Network Video Recorder)’ will fulfill all the requirements of the network as it

Human Elements In Administration Essay Example for Free

Human Elements In Administration Essay People are the most important element in an organization whether it’s a business enterprise, a school, an army or hospital. School administrator and supervisors must be prepared to deal effectively with the people involved because they have the most difficulty in understanding and dealing with the human elements of administration. The administrator must understand certain fundamental concepts of motivation. He must have an insight into the nature of authority and influence. And most of all, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to carry out his intentions successfully. Technical skills, administrative skills and human skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical Skills – pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills – ability to see the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its various parts * Human Skills – refers to the ways of dealing effectively with people. 3 Distinct elements: *Skill in understanding the basic human forces active in the organization. *Skill in analyzing complex human situations. *Skill in implementing a plan of action. It is said that man is a wanting animal. As soon as one of his needs is satisfied, another appears in its place. Man’s needs are organized in a series of levels or a hierarchy of importance according to the theory of Maslow. Psychological needs to be alive and to stay alive. Safety needs to feel safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs relate to one’s self – esteem and one’s reputation. Self – fulfilment needs for continued self – development, for realizing one’s own potentialities. Understanding basic needs of an individual is important for the administrators and supervisors because deprivation of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of one’s individual. It is also important to understand because of the fact that an individual whose lower level needs are satisfied, he is not any longer motivated to satisfy his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is deprived and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation. A New Theory of Management Proposition on the theory of new management’s task by McGregor harnessing human energy to organizational requirements are stated as follows: 1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise – money, materials, equipment and people – in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of directing peoples efforts, motivating, controlling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the management to recognize and develop the individual’s potential for development, his capacity for assuming responsibility, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The essential task of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in order to achieved desired goals and objectives. New theory of management relies on self – control and self – direction; it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages 1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing guidance Some applications of the new theory: 1. Decentralization and Delegation – freeing people from too close control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement – encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management – people are encouraged to direct their own creative energies towards organizational objectives and giving them some voice in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal – individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self evaluation of performance semi – annually or annually. Close supervision tends to be associated with high productivity, general supervision with high productivity. The importance of supervising subordinates as a group are as follows: a.) discuss work problems with the group, b.) group performs well even when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions. THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL FINANCING The welfare of the state depends largely upon the education of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to school whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the state should establish and maintain a complete and adequate system of education and provide at least free primary for all education of school age. Since school population keeps on growing and the salaries of the teachers are keep on increasing, more and more funds are needed. However, present financial capability becomes inadequate and need to augment financial resources to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for government income for education are the following: 1. Taxes imposed by law for the support of the government such as the real – property tax, specific tax, and import and export taxes. 2. Tuition fees imposed on students in public high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and chartered colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public secondary school students, vocational schools, and chartered colleges and universities. There were also a matriculation fee charged in the intermediate grades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 effective the school year 1964 – 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. Land grants and donations. 6. Voluntary contributions. 7. Special fees such as miscellaneous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, athletics, and laboratory, medical and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C. Support for Elementary Education The Educational Act of 1940 which nationalized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational Act of 1940 forbids the collection of tuition fees in the intermediate grades although it permits the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the President not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district. The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the National Government to purchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of temporary school buildings remain the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the internal revenue collections, percentage taxes on the agricultural products and income tax. Support for Public Secondary Schools The financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the provincial and city governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in finances gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teacher’s salary. The sources of provincial income are the following: 1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government. 2. Share from local taxes. 3. Fees from services rendered. 4. Income from miscellaneous receipts. Support for secondary schools 1. Tuition and matriculation fee levied by the Provincial Board on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in case of shortage or the Board passes a resolution increasing the rate of tuition 3. Through the enactment of R. A. No. 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national aid to general provincial and municipal high schools beginning with the school year 1963 – 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizations Support of barrio experimental high school, the Bureau of Public Schools in its Memorandum No. 86, issued on August 1, 1966, states as follows: 1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than â‚ ±80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the revised Barrio Charter should be set aside and used solely for the improvement of instruction in the barrio high schools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. All feeder barrios should share the expenses for the improvement of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios attending barrio high school. 4. All resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned. Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities 1. Tuition fees and city funds   2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools except Manila and Quezon City. Support of Vocational Schools Vocational schools usually come under two categories – the provincial trade school and the provincial agricultural school. The source of income comes from the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so – called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly supported by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government. Support of Normal Schools Regional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still seven regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the surrounding places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal training department. Support of Special Schools The Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is supported entirely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant marine officers. The School for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supported by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes. Support of Chartered Government Colleges and Universities The support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. Special aids for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are given in special legislation or taken from the pork barrel fund. The tendency of the request by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing. Other Agencies in helping the Financing of Public Schools A number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following: * AID – NEC – provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings including the constructions of dormitories and also for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bureau of Public Schools. * UNICEF – gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for Overseas Blind – donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, etc. * The Pilot Applied Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) – is a joint venture of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). These entities gave help in the form of technical services, training stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International Development (AID), National Economic Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) – jointly undertook a textbook production project which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help solve the problem of lack of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute around 25 million of copies of textbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated cost about â‚ ±59.5 million. Support for Private Schools All private schools, colleges and universities derive their income mostly from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with good standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating specially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.

Romance de la Luna, Luna Essay -- Literary Analysis, Federico Garcia L

Federico Garcia Lorca’s â€Å"Romance de La Luna, Luna† is a Spanish poem that tells the story of a young gypsy boy and the moon. His love and infatuation with the moon leads to his death. This poem not only tells the story of this young child’s demise, but also shows the effects when someone is lured in by an appealing temptation. The poem uses many literary devices to enhance the meaning the words provide. The poem starts at the beginning of the story as the moon comes to visit the forge. The moon is said to be wearing â€Å"her skirt of white, fragrant flowers† (Lorca 2) as its bright light penetrates the scene. The poem states â€Å"the young boy watches her, watches. / The young boy is watching her† (3-4). The repetition of the phrase emphasizes the young boy’s infatuation with the moon. The scene is set with intensity by the phrase â€Å"electrified air† (5) and a tense feeling is brought into the poem. As â€Å"the moon moves her arms† (6), she is given traits of being alive and having her own human qualities. Personification of the moon into a woman exemplifies the desire that the child would have for the woman, and creates a more appealing form for the moon to appear as. The child cries, â€Å"flee, moon, moon, moon† (9) with urgency, showing his concern for her. He warns her â€Å"they would make with your heart / white necklaces and rings† (11-12). This refers back to the metaphor that the moon is made of hard tin, but still personifies her by giving her a heart. The moon is additionally personified when she says â€Å" young boy, leave me to dance†(13). She has now taken the form of a sensual and erotic gypsy dancer furthering the desire of the young boy. This brings Spanish culture to the poem because gypsies are known to travel throughout Spain. The mo... ... The story of this poem tells about a young boy that is lured in by the sensuousness of the moon, and then dies because of his own desire for her. The symbolic meaning is much more hidden and disguised by the literary elements of the poem. The storyline and aspects of the literal story add meaning when searching for the figurative meaning. The warning learned from this poem is that infatuation with anything can lead to a downfall. The moon seemed to offer a comfort that attracted him, but it was only a disguise to lead him to death. The passion the young boy felt for the moon can easily be modified to describe the passion a person can feel for anything. The young boy saw safeness in the moon that brought him closer to her. Any obsession will seem to offer the same comforts that the young boy also saw, but this poem warns that death can always disguise itself.

Mohandas Karamchand Mahatma Gandhi

â€Å"I am not a saint who has strayed in politics. I am a politician who is trying to become a saint. † Gandhi In the 1800†³s most of the cultures and ethnic groups in South Africa were treated with less respect than deserved. The Indians were forced into South Africa because of the British Empire expansion. These Indians, mostly poor, were in a system close to slavery. In South Africa the non-whites didn†t get very many job opportunities. In South Africa they had very few landholders, teachers, or businessmen who were non-whites. Most of the non-whites got their education in a mission and took up Christianity. The Colored people were a mix of different ethnics except black or white. These people were the 2nd largest group in South Africa. The Indians were mostly farmers, but some went on to do their education and became rich with their shops and warehouses. The British ruled the people in South Africa. In April of 1893, a lawyer by the name of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came to South Africa on a business trip to take a case in an Indian Firm. Gandhi only intended on staying in South Africa for the case. Little did he know that it would change his life forever. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869 in Porbander, Kaithiawad. He was born to Karamchand and Putibai Gandhi. Gandhi was the youngest son of his fathers† fourth wife. In 1876 Mohandas started Primary school. During this time Gandhi was betrothed to Kasturba, which his parents had to set up. Gandhi went on to high school tin Rajkot, named Alfred high school. As a school boy Gandhi was a shy person who never talked to any of his classmates, but in 1883 he was married to Kasturba. They were both 13. When Gandhi married he didn†t think anything of it, and thought it meant he could control his wife†s life. Kasturba was a little more controlling of her own life, and let Gandhi know when he stepped over the line. The tradition for youth marriages is very common for Hindus. Two years later on November 16th of 1885 Mohandas† life took a sudden turn when his father died, after by being ill for two years. Gandhi was not there when his father died; he had left moments before. In 1887 Gandhi applied to college, and got in at Samaldas College, but Gandhi found the studies hard and only stayed for one term.

Essay on One Hundred Years of Solitude - 858 Words

Believed by many to be one of the worlds greatest writers, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez is a Colombian-born author and journalist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature and a pioneer of the Latin American Boom. Affectionately known as Gabo to millions of readers, he first won international fame with his masterpiece, One Hundred Years of Solitude, a defining classic of twentieth century literature. Whether writing short stories, epic novels, or nonfiction, Gabo is above all a brilliant storyteller, and his writing is a tribute to both the power of the imagination and the mysteries of the human heart. In Gabos world, where flowers rain from the sky and dictators sell the very ocean, reality is subject to emotional truths as well as†¦show more content†¦(Spanish only) Florencia en el Amazonas A new recording of Daniel Catà ¡ns opera, inspired by Love in the Time of Cholera. Living to Tell the Tale The English translation of Gabos memoirs. The uncertain old man whose real existence was the simplest of his enigmas (Biography) Who is Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez? A biography and timeline, giving the dates of his major works and some of the events that helped shape his writing. Space was changed and time corrected by the designs of his absolute will (Works/Bibliography) A complete bibliography, with a short synopsis and review of his major works. Includes novels, short stories, and works only available in Spanish. Books are worthless, Abrenuncio said with good humor (Reviews) Reviews of works by and about Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. The guardian angels of poetry took advantage of the opportunity to clarify matters (Criticism) A comprehensive overview of books about Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and his works. In spite of this, to oppression, plundering and abandonment, we respond with life. (Nobel Prize Lecture) A copy of Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezs Nobel Prize lecture, The Solitude of Latin America, delivered on December 8, 1982. The way my grandmother used to tell stories (Magical Realism) For better or worse, Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez is inextricably linked to a style of literature called magical realism. This page details magical realism and the controversiesShow MoreRelated Essay on One Hundred Years of solitude869 Words   |  4 Pages Believed by many to be one of the world’s greatest writers, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez is a Colombian-born author and journalist, winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature and a pioneer of the Latin American â€Å"Boom.† Affectionately known as â€Å"Gabo† to millions of readers, he first won international fame with his masterpiece, One Hundred Years of Solitude, a defining classic of twentieth century literature. Whether writing short stories, epic novels, or nonfiction, GaboRead Moreâ€Å"One Hundred Years of Solitude† Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"One Hundred Years of Solitude† Magic realism is a writing style in which mythical elements are put into a realistic story but it does not break the narrative flow; rather it helps a reader get a deeper understanding of the reality. Often time’s Latin-American writers utilize this writing technique. 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This quote was made in referenceRead More One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesOne Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez â€Å"The tone that I eventually used in One Hundred Years of Solitude was based on the way my grandmother used to tell stories. She told things that sounded supernatural and fantastic but she told them with complete naturalness†¦. What was most important was the expression she had on her face. She did not change her expression at all when telling her stories and everyone was surprised. In previous attempts to write, I tried to tell theRead MoreOne Hundred Years of Solitude a Novel Lost in Time Essay2977 Words   |  12 PagesOne Hundred Years of Solitude A Novel Lost In Time Zahra Toshani University of Guilan Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences Dr. Barkat PhD. Winter 2011 Table of contents Introduction 1 I. Notion of time and being in Heidegger 2 Existential travel Read MoreEssay on Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezs One Hundred Years of Solitude 2873 Words   |  12 PagesGabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquezs One Hundred Years of Solitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By far, Garcia Marquezs most acclaimed work is Cien Anos de Soledad or One Hundred Years of Solitude. As Regina Janes asserts, his fellow novelists recognized in the novel a brilliant evocation of many of their own concerns: a total novel that treated Latin America socially, historically, politically, mythically, and epically, that was at once accessible and intricate, lifelike and self-consciously, self-referentially fictiveRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Gabriel Garcias One Hundred Years of Solitude4355 Words   |  18 PagesAnalysis of Gabriel Garcias One Hundred Years of Solitude Historical roots of Macondo and the Buendia family. One Hundred Years of Solitude is about on imagined mythical town which is named as Macondo. Its foundation, rise, development and death throughout the history of its founders; Buendia family is narrated. It is the evolution and eventual decadence of a small Latin American town and its inhabitants. The novel is dominated by Colombian settings and the Buendia family is a Colombian familyRead MoreEssay on The Seven Deadly Sins in One Hundred Years of Solitude1369 Words   |  6 Pagesbiblical allusions do, in fact, exists in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude. According to Diane Andrews Henningfeld, an associate professor at Adrian College who has studied this novel and its ties to history and myths, some of the biblical allusions include the Garden of Eden, the story of Noah’s Ark, and certain characters being portrayed as archetypes. As I was going through different biblical aspects, one very interesting thought occurred to me. Why would an author in clude