Vulnerable Population in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vulnerable Population in the workplace - Essay Example On the other hand, in their service delivery, psychiatrist nurses experiences some barriers which hinder their services delivery to Alzheimer’s diseases patients. The available barriers in mental healthcare settings magnifies the disorder complications to patients, it hinders access to nurses and other mental health specialists by most patients, increases overreliance on caregivers for assistance and transport, over dependant on entitlement initiatives as well as increasing cognitive impairment (Lyketsos, Toone and Tschanz, 2010). The essay below will focus on the barriers encountered by psychiatrist nurses in their daily activities in psychiatric hospital. The essay will also offer some strategies to decrease or if possible eliminate these barriers. To start with, structural barriers constitute the main hindrance to psychiatric nurses’ quality service delivery. Structural setbacks in most cases influence nurses’ ability to efficiently diagnoses and treat neurops ychiatric complications brought about by Alzheimer’s diseases. Some of the main structural barriers that hamper with service delivery among psychiatric nurses include lack of the required psychiatric and geriatric skills and training as well as inadequate number of trained neuropsychologist and psychiatrist in healthcare systems. The structural barriers are in most cases known to compromise and complicate the care and treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases. Structural barriers in hospital setting have also amplified the burden in families that provide home care services to vulnerable and elderly patients in (Lyketsos, Toone and Tschanz, 2010). Secondly, lack of adequate time, resources, treatment options, and nurses’ abilities to offer comprehensive care to patients has significant negative impact to nurses’ service delivery in mental healthcare systems. The health care system has very limited trained and qualified professionals in psychiatry and referral serv ices. Limited access to qualified psychiatrist nurses and practitioners means that, the available nurses are forced to offer medical care to complicated disorders which are beyond their professional training. Lack of adequate qualified practitioners has also lowered greatly the quality of services offered to patients in healthcare systems. Additionally, patients care is compromised by healthcare setbacks presented in offering the required treatment. Delays in offering apposite services are brought about by inadequate mental healthcare centers which led to delayed access to mental health services. Owing to inadequate number of trained psychiatrists, nurse in most cases are left with no option rather than to offer care to patient before consultation with mental specialist. Other nurses are forced to delay their services to patient which results to complication of the problem (Lyketsos, Toone and Tschanz, 2010). Due to limited available treatment services, nurses also experience brunt of families’ worries and frustration concerning poor services offered by inexperienced practitioners. Limited referral services to intricate disorders have also complicated access to quality services among severely infected patients. Moreover, family perception towards Alzheimer’s diseases symptoms also complicates nurses’ efforts to offer care to Alzheimer’s diseases patients. Access to referral services for medical assistance is extremely a complicated process especially for low income

Principles of Environmental Science Essay Example for Free

Principles of Environmental Science Essay Principals of Environmental Science Joshua Hammack ENV/100 February 4, 2013 Christopher Bertram Principals of Environmental Science Environmental science is the relationship between the earth and all living things and organisms that use the earth’s resources to sustain life. Environmental science is also the ongoing study of the environment and all of its interconnected systems. The style of research performed by environmental scientists is very diverse. Also, environmental science is composed of many components such as geology, physics, social science, meteorology, and biology. Social science looks more at how humans and animals interact within the environment and the effects they have on one another. â€Å"Environmental scientists try to establish general principles about how the natural world functions. They use these principles to develop viable solutions to environmental problems—solutions that are based as much as possible on scientific knowledge† (M. C. , 2009). Technology and science affect the problems and solutions of today’s society both positively and negatively. Take for instance the invention of the car by Karl Friedrich Benz in 1885, (Bruno, 1997) while there was a demand for better transportation as people became more sophisticated and wanted to travel further than possible on a horse it created a demon for the environment to fight. Today, worldwide there are more than 1 billion passenger vehicles on the roadways, (Tencer, 2011) and with an increase in automobiles comes added pollution from oil, grease, petroleum, and rubber, but not only the cars produce pollution. The manufacturing does equal amounts of damage from steel mills, rubber plants and stamping plants. With growing population these numbers will begin to rise. At the same time the technologies that are contributing to the Worlds pollution problems are also being used to help solve the problem by creating means necessary to obtain valuable data to aid in the solution. For example studying marine life in the depths of the ocean would not be possible without using motorboats to reach these remote locations. The double edge sword being that the boat itself pollutes the water. Finding a balance between the neccessity of technology and the over consumption of technology is a slippery slope, but it is crucial to the sustainability of the environment. â€Å"Ecologist Garrett Hardin (1915–2003) is best known for his 1968 essay â€Å"The Tragedy of the Commons. † In it he contended that our inability to solve complex environmental problems is the result of a struggle between short-term individual welfare and long-term environmental sustainability, the ability to meet humanitys current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs† (M. C. , 2009). It is essential that society studies the sustainability of our resources not only so they can be preserved, but to aid in the prediction of growth and evolution. Some countries like the US, Canada, Japan, and Europe are highly developed countries that are consuming the majority of the worlds sustainable consumption. As the under developed countries such as Haiti, yemen, and Sudan begin to grow they will take on a larger share of the sustainable consumption. Without monitoring the development from an environmental point of view the worlds population could literally eat themselves out of house and home. â€Å"Those who dont know history are doomed to repeat it. † –Edmund Burke. Looking back through history the United States has not always been the best stewards to the land. In fact, through many mistakes the lessons of Mother Nature have been ingrained into our culture. The concept of conservation and preservation was brought about by a group of men in the mid 1800’s through the early 1900’s. Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901), Grover Cleveland (1837–1908), William McKinley (1843–1901), and Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) were all the first to use the Forest Reserve Act, this act was put into affect in 1881 which gave the president the authority to establish forest reserves on public, federally owned land (M. C. , 2009). Before this the lands in the western United States were falling victim to deforestation with 160 billion board foot of lumber being cut from 1860, just after the Civil War to 1900. Throughout history the government has been very proactive in establishing programs to help preserve and protect the natural resources. Until 1970, the voice of the environmentalist was nothing but a whisper that was only heard through two organizations, the Sierra Club and the National Wildlife Federation (M. C. , 2009). When Denis Hays, a Harvard graduate student was influenced by a former Wisconsin senator to organize the first recognized Earth Day it bacame a gateway for informing the public on sustainability, consumption and what we needed to do to preserve our environment. Eventually Earth Day became a way to show people that their little contribution to reducing their carbon footprint as much as possible was magnified greatly when coupled with others efforts. â€Å"By Earth Day 1990, the movement had spread around the world, signaling the rapid growth in environmental consciousness† (M. C. , 2009). In conclusion, it is inevitable that the world as a whole will continue to grow, the population will increase, and resources will be exhuasted. It is for that reason the human race must be aware of what is coming.

Fame and Glory in Dantes Divine Comedy Essay -- Divine Comedy Inferno

     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "What is fame? Fame is but a slow decay   Even this shall pass away."   Theodore Tilton  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, is a poem laden with such Christian themes as love, the search for happiness, and the desire to see God. Among these Christian themes, however, is Dante's obsession with and desire for fame, which seems to be a surprising departure from conventional medieval Christian morality. Indeed, as the poem progresses, a striking contradiction emerges. Dante the writer, in keeping with Christian doctrine, presents the desire for fame and glory among the souls of Inferno in order to replace it with humility among the souls of Purgatorio. Yet this purification of desire is not entirely embraced by Dante, who seems preoccupied with his own personal fame and glory. Therefore, how do we reconcile the seemingly hypocritical stance that the souls must strip themselves of pride and become humble, yet Dante can continue in h is quest for fame and glory and still be saved? This contradiction is developed as the reader and the character Dante travel through Inferno and Purgatorio and is resolved in the second sphere of Paradise. It is this sphere, which allows for fame and glory for honorable reasons, that permits us, as readers, to resolve this tension. It is in this sphere that Dante elucidates that fame is not always bad, but only becomes so when one's motives are impure.    The power of fame and glory is nowhere more powerful than among the souls of Inferno. The importance of earthly fame is particularly apparent in the figures of the several shades who have asked Dante to recall their names and stories on Earth. In fact, it is this promise of fame that induces most of the souls to ... ... of Paradise when we find that fame can have a place in paradise if it is sought for righteous reasons.    Works Cited Ciardi, John, trans. The Divine Comedy. In The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition. Vol. I. Ed. Maynard Mack. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995. Works Consulted Bergin, Thomas Goddard. Dante. New York: Orion P, 1965. ---. Dante's Divine Comedy. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1971. Niven, Larry and Pournelle, Jerry. Inferno. New York: Pocket Books,1976. MacAllister, Archibald T. Introduction. Inferno. By Dante. New York: Mentor, 1954. Pinsky, Robert. The Inferno of Dante. New York: Harper Collins, 1994. Shippey, T.A. "Into Hell and Out Again". Times Literary Supplement, 8 July 1977, .820. Spinrad, Norman. Introduction to Inferno, by Niven and Pournelle. Boston: Gregg Press, 1979.   

Death and Creation in The Hollow Men :: Hollow Men Essays

Throughout the semester, we have read many poems by many well-known authors.   All of these poems were worthy of the literary merit they received, but I would like to write this paper on a poem that is equally as wonderful.   I will be writing this paper on T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Hollow Men.†Ã‚   This is an incredibly poetic work that is just simply brilliant.   I will be discussing how Eliot constantly uses death and creation images to strengthen the theme of the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout this entire poem, there is an ever-present theme of death.   There is not a single stanza where there is not something that is â€Å"dead.†Ã‚   The beauty of his verse makes even darkness and death sound appealing. â€Å"Shape without form, shade without colour, Paralysed force, gesture without motion.†Ã‚   This verse alone gives a beautifully haunting image of darkness and death.   This is a descriptive adjective for the kingdom of death in which the hollow men reside.   â€Å"Death’s kingdom†, â€Å"the dead land†, â€Å"dying stars†, and â€Å"fading stars† are all images of death that Eliot uses to stress the ever-present theme of death in this poem.   The way that he links it all together almost makes the reader want to become one of the â€Å"hollow men.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the things about this poem that makes it so interesting, is the fact that despite the ever-present theme of death, Eliot throws in a few images of creation to counteract it.   In stanza four, the lines â€Å"Sightless, unless The eyes reappear As the perpetual star, Multifoliate rose Of death’s twilight kingdom.   The hope only Of empty men† creates the image of re-creation as a possibility of these â€Å"hollow men†.   This is their only hope, and in a way, is like the creation of the world for them.   The reappearing eyes almost serve as their saviour.   â€Å"Between the conception And the creation, Between the emotion And the response Falls the Shadow† is also an image of creation.   It is a subtle implication of life and death falls in to existence after creation.   Eliot’s poetic style here is simply outstanding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is also a religious undertone tied in with all of Eliot’s images of death and creation.   It seems that every mention of death gives a religious image as well.   The poem always speaks of â€Å"death’s kingdom†, and is not death’s kingdom part of the kingdom of God?   I definitely get a religious image in my mind, as do, I suspect, most readers, when I see the line â€Å"For Thine is the Kingdom† repeated on more than one occasion.

Expanding Target to China Essay

China is, without a doubt, the fastest growing economy in the world today. Companies from around the world have wanted to tap into China’s market to cash in on the tremendous success that it continues to experience. There had been many restrictions for foreign companies who tried to do business in China, limiting the number of foreign companies, and allowing only the big players to come into China. Even then, these big players from around the globe faced more restrictions and rules once they entered China. But things have changed since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001; a new milestone for this country, as well as for other economies. Since then, restrictions for foreign investors and businesses to enter China’s market had begun to ease up. By December 11th, 2004, China must remove remaining restrictions on the retail sector in order to comply with the WTO rules. This means it will be much easier for foreign retailers to enter the market, and for c urrent foreign retailers in China to expand (1). Many retailers from all over the world will seize this golden opportunity, and Target should do so too. Target, a Minnesota based national retail company, has come a long way from being Dayton’s department store back in 1961 to being one of the biggest players in United States’ retail market, as we know it today. Over the last ten years, Target has experienced a continuous incline in growth year after year. Sales reached over $48 billion this past year, a 10 percent increase from the year prior (2). Just like its revenue, the number of stores across the United States has been on the rise. Currently there are 1313 Target stores operating in 47 states, including 136 SuperTarget stores in 20 states (3). Not surprisingly, Target ranks number four in Triversity’s Top 100 Retailers in the United States behind Wal-Mart, Home Depot, and Kroger (4). Globally, Target is ranked number 7 in the top 100 retailers worldwide (5). With this kind of statistics, Target has the potential and the resources to begin expanding into the international market, such as China. Comparing to Metro AG, a German retailer, which ranks a couple spots ahead of Target on the worldwide list, is not that much ahead of Target in terms of sales. And yet, Metro AG is one of the largest foreign retailers in China, along with  Wal-Mart and Carrefour (6). Not only should Target continue to expand domestically, but it should also start looking to expand in other markets around the world as well, such as China. This will allow Target to become a multinational company and begin creating a global recognition for itself in the retail sector. Now of course Target cannot dive right into the China Market and expect everything to just work out. Like any other company entering a foreign market, there are challenges and factors that Target must consider and evaluate before doing business in China. In this report, different reasons why Target should enter China’s retail market and the benefits it offers to the company will be presented. China’s economic status, political status, and economic status, along with options of entry and other factors that will affect Target’s business, will be discussed. China’s Economic Status China is currently the world’s most potential market for consumer goods. Its average annual GDP growth rate of nearly 10 percent for the last 10 years is the strongest among other major economies around the world (7). This is mainly due to the increase in manufacturing investment from foreign companies over the years because China is full of resources and cheap labor. Many products we see today are labeled â€Å"Made in China† since China has essentially developed into â€Å"a manufacturing centre for the world’s consumer goods production† (8). With a population of 1.3 billion people and having more consumers than Europe and the United States put together, it is obvious that China is by far one of the most attractive markets to invest in for foreign companies that are in the retail and consumer sector (8). When combining the strong, continuous growth of the economy with a population of this magnitude, the results are more money in consumers’ pockets, meaning more money to spend on goods. According to PricewaterhouseCoopers, â€Å"the retail sales of consumer goods in China quadrupled with a span of 10 years† (7). With this kind of statistics, it will be Target’s best interest to pursuit an expansion into China’s retail market. China’s economy and consumer market will continue to grow. The more people there are in a  market, the more money will be spent. Everyone will always need food and daily accessories regardless of how much money they have, and those that have more money to spend will spend that extra money on other goods. So by setting up operations there, Target will have a chance to go along with the ride and reap the promising rewards that China’s consumer market offers, which is what other foreign retailers are looking for. China’s Political Status One of the major milestones for China, which made a global impact, is its accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001. This is the main reason why the forecast of China’s growing economy remains strong. Since then, China’s has begun to ease up restrictions on imports and exports, and also for foreign businesses entering China’s market, most significantly the retail sector. By December 11, 2004, all restrictions on foreign retailing in China will be lifted, including restrictions on foreign ownership, number of branches, and geographic locations for where to set up stores (9). Currently, there are limited foreign investments in China’s retail sector. In 2000, the Retail and Wholesale sector only accounts for 2 percent of the total foreign direct investment in China (7). Today, this percentage is not much higher than it was in 2000. This is because prior to China’s accession to the WTO, there were many restrictions and regulations for foreign companies entering China. Some of the main restrictions were the annual sales volume requirement, assets requirement, and the minimum registered capital requirement. Before, in order to enter China’s retail sector, a foreign company must have annual sales volume of at least US $2 billion, assets of at least US $200 million, and minimum registered capital of at least RMB 50 million, or about US $6.1 million. Also, they were only allowed to enter the market with approval, and in a form of a joint venture with local partners with no more than 49 percent ownership (10). This limited China’s retail market to only the big international players such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, Metro AG, etc, who all have already established a presence in China. But after China starts to comply with WTO rules next month; dramatic changes will take place in China’s retail sector. Once all the restrictions for foreign retail companies are lifted by China, the number of foreign retailers entering China will increase sharply, both small and medium retailers. All a company will need is a good reputation and a minimum registered capital requirement of US $36,000. Other than a joint venture, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise will become an option (10). Also, the foreign players that are currently in the market will be able expand more rapidly under the new rules. This is another reason why Target should enter China’s retail market, and soon. The percentage that the retail sector represents in the total direct foreign investment is still low, meaning there is a lot of room to grow. The sooner Target steps in, the more market share will be available for Target to gain. If Target delays its entry, other foreign retailers from all over the world will start to swarm in and the big players that are currently in the market will expand quickly; therefore making it more difficult for Target to create a significant presence. If Target decides not to enter this goldmine, then an incredible opportunity will be missed. WFOE or Joint Venture There are two options for Target to start business in China, establishing a wholly foreign-owned enterprise (WFOE) or a joint venture with a local Chinese company. There are advantages and disadvantages for both options, and it will be important to understand each. Joint ventures were the only way to enter China for any foreign company due to the restrictions set by China prior to joining the WTO. With joint ventures, foreign companies were able enter China’s market easier. It really helps to have a local partner that is already familiar with the market and know the laws of doing business in China. Also, with a joint venture, it is much less capital intensive since the local partner will be contributing to the business. The downside of a joint venture is that it is difficult to find the right partner, and it requires a lot time because a good relationship must be formed before any negotiations take place. In China, a good relationship is the key to doing business. Some major causes of joint  venture failures have been overestimation of the partner’s capabilities, differing expectations, and different management styles (11). These are some of the reasons that limit a foreign company’s desire to expand. WFOE, an option that will be open to foreign retail companies doing or planning to do business in China after next month, would probably be the direction that most foreign retailers will choose. It should be Target’s choice as well when entering China. But before a WFOE can be set up, an application must be submitted to MOFCOM’s (Ministry of Commerce) provincial-level counterparts. The applications will then be forwarded to MOFOCOM for approval. The approval process takes about three to four months, but approval is only granted if the proposed business will help the development of China’s economy (12). Target will have no problem getting approved because it will help create more jobs in China, bring in more sophisticated technology to run its stores and operations, and increase manufacturing production in China since a good portion of the products that will be in Target stores will be made in China. The disadvantage of setting up a WFOE is that it is much more capital intensive. Foreign companies do not have anyone to share the investment costs with in the country. China only allows money coming from outside of the country when foreign companies want to set up a WFOE (12). However, the advantages that WFOE offers outweigh the disadvantages. A WFOE can enjoy the exclusive management control and operational controls with less interference from the Chinese government (13). A foreign company can bring in sophisticated technology without having to worry about losing its intellectual property or figure out how many shares the technology is worth in a joint venture (14). Because of all this, a WFOE can expand into other areas more freely. Although WFOE would be a capital intensive option for Target, it will pay off in the long run. Having complete control over its management and operations, less governmental interference, and less limitations to expand will be beneficial for Target. China’s Social Status There are some other things that it must take into account before Target jumps into China’s retail market, one of which is the social landscape of China. Just like in the United States, knowing where the customers are and where to set up stores are important strategies. The more wealthy cities are concentrated in China’s east and south-east coastal provinces. The top ten most prosperous provinces in China are: Shanghai, Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Liaoning, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Chongqing. These areas are obviously where foreign investors want to go because of higher per capita income and consumer spending in those areas. Consumer activities in some major inland cities are slowly on the rise, but are still fairly undeveloped compared to the east (7). But it may be a good idea to start investing in those areas and capture those markets while competition level is still low. Target should obviously start with investing in a couple of the more prosperous areas, such as Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, or Zhejiang. These four provinces have the highest per capita income and household consumption, which means there are more money spent by consumers (8). Besides this, Target should start investing in the major inland cities that are beginning to develop, such as Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, and Sichuan. Almost half of China’s population lives in the central and northwest provinces (7). Take advantage of the new rules that will lift restrictions on locations and the number of stores, and enjoy the benefit of being able to expand easier by being a wholly foreign-owned enterprise. The developing areas should be Target’s concentration. It may be a little more risky, and sales may be lower at first, but it will be beneficial in the long run. The biggest competitors, both domestic and foreign, are mostly located in the prosperous areas (8). It will be more difficult to establish a solid foothold in China’s retail market if Target starts off trying to compete with big foreign players such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, or big domestic players such as Lianhua and Hualian, all of which are much more familiar with the market. So it will be a good idea for Target to tap into the less developed major  inland cities and create a niche market while competition is still very low in those areas. This can help them develop a presence in China, and become one of the major foreign players in China’s retail market. U.S. Commercial Service After understand all the details described previously throughout the report, Target still needs some help entering China’s retail market. Target is very successful in the United States, but China is a totally different market. There are different consumers, different languages, and different laws. Target needs to find someone that is familiar with the languages (Chinese and English), the Chinese retail market, and all the rules that foreign business must comply with. It would be the best if Target has some managers that fit these criterions within the corporation because then those people can be assigned to assist in Target’s plan to enter China. They will be familiar with China’s market and rules, as well as Target’s objectives and operations. But if there are no qualified candidates within Target, then this is where the U.S. Commercial Service comes in play to help. The U.S. Commercial Service offers customized solutions to help US companies enter and expand in the China Market. They have six offices in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Chengdu, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. There are several services that a US company can purchase, one of which is the Gold Key Service (GKS). This service identifies and arranges appointments with the people that the company will need to meet in order to break into the China market successfully. The U.S. Commercial Service will tailor the service to the company’s needs. They can assess the competition, and/or find lawyers, consultants, government officials, agents and distributors, etc (15). This is a great service that Target should use if they do not have people to use internally. Going into a foreign market, especially China, without being knowledgeable in the country’s laws and regulations, competition, consumers, and business environment is very risky. Any company that does this is essentially setting up for failure in the new market. This is why Target  needs to find experts that know how to do business in China. By being able to access competition, access the business environment, and working with a consultant or lawyer that knows the business laws in China will definitely help Target develop a safe and successful entry into China’s retail market. To order the Gold Key Service from the U.S. Commercial Service, all Target have to do is contact the nearest U.S. Commercial Service assistance center, call 1-800-USA-Trade, or email their FCS Beijing Office at Export.China@mail.doc.gov (15). Other Factors In the Chinese culture, the colors red and gold are favorable colors. They represent happiness, good luck, and good fortune. During festive holidays, such as Chinese New Year, red is seen every where. All businesses, as well as households, would put up red lanterns and decorations. This may be beneficial to Target since red is Target’s color. By having red in the stores in China, it may attract more consumers because people may associate the Target stores with the same meanings that they associate with the colors, especially during festive holidays. Aside from culture, Target should look into other things, such as education in China. Education is very important to China’s future development if it is to be sustainable, but it is not an easy task. The government has been focusing on the country’s economic development, and has neglected to improve the education system and health. However, the government’s new goal is to raise education spending to about 4 percent of GPD, with help from the private sector (8). In the United States, Target currently have a Community Giving Program where Target gives back over $2 million a week to neighborhoods, programs, and schools across the country (16). If Target sets up a similar program in China, it may help build its reputation in the China market. By helping the community receive better education, improving living conditions, and improving living standards will help Target gain favoritism from both consumers and the government, which can only help Target’s goal for success in the market. Conclusion China offers a golden opportunity for foreign retailers, such as Target. Target should take advantage of China’s accession to the WTO and seize the opportunity by entering China’s retail market. There are many factors that Target must review and consider before entering China. Main factors like China’s economic status, political status, and social status. As well as evaluating options of entry (WFOE vs. JV), understanding the culture, assessing both foreign and domestic competitions, and become knowledgeable in business rules and regulations in the country. Target will be very successful in establishing a foothold in China’s retail market and become a major foreign retailer in the country as long as all aspects are carefully reviewed, planned, and understood. Target’s presence and success has been well established in the United States, and now it is time to expand to the next big thing – China. End Notes (1) http://www.chinabusinessreview.com/public/0401/01.html (2) http://quicktake.morningstar.com/Stock/Income10.asp?Country=USA&Symbol= TGT&stocktab=finance (3) http://www.targetcorp.com/targetcorp_group/investor-relations/investor- relations.jhtml (4) http://www.stores.org/pdf/04TOP100chart2.pdf (5) http://retailindustry.about.com/library/bl/03q2/bl_rf100603.htm (6) http://www.bjreview.com.cn/200414/Business-200414(C).htm (7) http://www.pwchk.com/home/webmedia/1024303622085/RetailMarket_ China.pdf (8) http://www.pwcglobal.com/gx/eng/about/ind/retail/wef%20jan04_external.pdf3 (9) http://en-1.ce.cn/subject/RetailinginChina/Regulation&Policy/200409/29/ t20040929_1882374.shtml (10) http://www.osec.ch/~0xc1878d1b_0x0001b994/Investments/foreign_investment_ restrictions_in_trade_and_retail_lifted/en/china_fipdf (11) http://www.sinomedia.net/eurobiz/v200404/story0404.html (12) http://www.isinolaw.com/jsp/fie/fie/FIE_wfoe1.jsp?LangID=0 (13) http://english.sohu.com/2004/07/04/81/article220848132.shtml (14) http://www.businessweek.com/adsections/country/asia/ (15) http://www.buyusa.gov/china/en/gks.html (16) http://target.com/target_group/community_giving/index.jhtml

Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essays

Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essays Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essay Valley Homes v Ace Minerals Corp Essay we identified several legal issues that Valley Homes, a small manufacturing and selling prefabricated dwellings company, encountered from the moment they decided to submit a bid on the Ace Minerals project.

Managerial Economics Example

Managerial Economics Example Managerial Economics – Assignment Example MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS 24 February MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS a. Scatter plot Using excel software, the following scatter plot with a quadratic line fit is obtained.The scatter diagram suggests a second-degree polynomial. This is because the points of the plot are evenly distributed along the fitted quadratic line of fit. The scatter diagram therefore suggests a function of the form: AVC= a + bQ+ cQ2b. Estimated parameters for regression modelParameters of the regression model can be estimated using excel. The following extract shows the regression coefficients as obtained from excel,Regression statisticsRegression StatisticsMultiple R0.855374R Square0.731665Adjusted R Square0.672035Standard Error121.9364Observations12From the regression statistics and based on the high values of R square, 0.73, the predicted quadratic model explains a large percentage of the data. As a result, it can be assumed that the set of data significantly obeys the quadratic trend. Similarly, the following ANOVA tabl e shows that there is a significant relationship between the model’s dependent variable and the explanatory variables, Q and Q2. This is due to the low probability value, 0.00269, which leads to the conclusion of existence of a significant relationship.ANOVA tableANOVA  dfSSMSFSignificance FRegression236487518243812.27010.00269Residual913381614868.5Total11498692  Ã‚  Ã‚  Based on the table of coefficients bellow, it can be concluded that the parameters for the model AVC = a + bQ + cQ2, are a = 2967, b = -4.28 and c = 0.003. The model therefore assumes the following equation,AVC = 2967 – 4.28 Q + 0.003 Q2Table of coefficients  CoefficientsStandard Errort StatP-valueIntercept2967335.388.848129.8E-06X Variable 1-4.281.5608-2.74380.02271X Variable 20.0030.00172.068830.06849c. Evaluation of the regressionThe positive sign of the parameter c indicates that the average variable cost decreases with quantity before its value starts to increase as quantity increases.d. Est imated costs functionsAverage variable cost= AVC = 0.003 Q2 – 4.28 Q + 2967Total variable cost= 0.003 Q3- 4.28 Q2+ 2967QShort run marginal cost= ∆(short run total cost)/ ∆quantity= 0.009 Q2 – 8.56 Q + 2967.It is the derivative of total cost.e. Minimum value for average variable costMinimum value of average variable cost is realized at an output level of 713 units. This point is important in determining the shut down condition because it coincides with shut down point. Its analysis is important because average variable costs increases with increase in quantity beyond this point (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris, 2010).f. AVC and SMC at 200 unitsFrom the formulae above, AVC= 0.003 (200)2 – 4.28 (200) + 2967=120- 856+2967= 2211SMC= 0.009 Q2 – 8.56 Q + 2967= 0.009(200)^2- 8.56(200)+2967=360-1712+ 2967=1615g. Nature of AVC curve at 200 unitsAVC is falling. This is because its value is higher that SMC. The observation is consistent with the identified shu t down point of 713 units (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris, 2010).h. The level at which SMC is equal to AVCSMC is equal to AVC at 713 units of output. This is because the two variables intersect at this point.i. Optimum level of production and maximum profitThe optimum production level is at 713 units. The expected profit would be 713*2200-(20000+1027053)=1568600-1047053= $ 521547j. When the market price is $ 1500The optimal level is when,SMC= 0.009 Q2 – 8.56 Q + 2967=1500And 0.009 Q2 – 8.56 Q + 1467=0Solving the equation leads to an optimal level of 224 or 727 units. 727 is however unrealistic.Maximum profit would be given by,224*1500- (20000+483573)= -167573The minimum loss would be $ 167573k. Long run profitability of the industryProfitability in the industry will reduce in the long run. This is because more firms will be attracted into the industry leading to lower selling price (McGuigan, Moyer and Harris, 2010).ReferenceMcGuigan, J., Moyer, R., and Harris, F. (2010). Managerial Economics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning